RESUMO
Trigonelline (TRG) and nicotinic acid (NA), in which the former but not the latter improved the blood glucose level in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were tested for anti-diabetic effects in mellitus models of KK-A(y) obese mice that had type 2 diabetes. Blood glucose level in OGTT carried out on day 22-23 was lowered after feeding in mice fed TRG and NA than that of the control mice not fed these compounds, indicating that both TRG and NA have sufficient activity to improve glucose tolerance in diabetes with obesity. The serum insulin levels at fasting showed significantly lower levels in mice fed TRG, and a lower tendency in mice fed NA, compared with the control mice. The triglyceride (TG) levels in the liver and adipose tissue in mice fed TRG and NA showed lower values or a lower tendency than those of the control mice, indicating that TRG and NA were also effective to improve the changes in lipid levels accompanied with diabetes. Higher values or a higher tendency of the glucokinase (GLK)/glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) ratio in the liver and lower levels of the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the TRG- and NA-fed mice, compared to the control mice, suggested that the regulation of GLK and G6Pase, and TNF-alpha production by TRG and NA are closely related in suppressing the progression of diabetes in the KK-A(y) mice.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Niacina/uso terapêutico , Alcaloides/química , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Jejum , Glucoquinase/metabolismo , Glucose-6-Fosfatase/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Obesos , Niacina/química , Ratos , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
The cellular basis of the pathogenesis of selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) was investigated by examining surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) and in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis and by assaying in combination the counterpart lymphocytes from individuals with SIgAD and healthy donors. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 14 individuals with SIgAD synthesized normal amounts of IgG and IgM but did not synthesize normal amounts of IgA. Functional defects of lymphocytes for IgA synthesis were classified into four types: (i) B-lymphocyte dysfunction, (ii) increased function of suppressor T lymphocytes (Ts), (iii) decreased function of helper T lymphocytes (Th), and (iv) B-lymphocyte dysfunction and increased Ts function. The cells bearing SmIgG, SmIgM, and SmIgD were demonstrated at normal percentage ratios in all cases by immunofluorescent staining. The cells bearing SmIgA were at normal percentage ratios in the cases of T-lymphocyte dysfunction, while in the cases of B-lymphocyte defect SmIgA-bearing cells were reduced.
Assuntos
Imunoglobulina A , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Adulto , Formação de Anticorpos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina D , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos B/imunologia , Formação de Roseta , Saliva/imunologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos da radiação , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologiaRESUMO
Some modifications of the electric circuitry are described for the apparatus of the internal friction measurement of thin wire specimens; the apparatus has been developed by Franklin et al. The improved apparatus has been successfully used in the internal friction measurements of cold-worked vanadium specimens.
