RESUMO
The traditional approach to diagnosis and management of Zenker’s diverticulum is open surgical treatment. More recently, however, endoscopic technique is also frequently used for Zenker’s diverticulum because it has advantages of shortening operation time, postoperative hospitalization and reducing the complication such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. A 75-year-old male, who was diagnosed with Zenker’s diverticulum, underwent a secondary open diverticulectomy after failed attempt at rigid transoral endoscopic diverticulotomy. Here we report this case with a review of literature.
RESUMO
Despite the intensive vaccination policy that has been put in place to control Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the recent emergence of NDV genotype VII strains in Korea has led to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. We ssessed the ability of inactivated, oil-emulsion vaccines derived from La Sota or Ulster 2C NDV strains to protect chickens from challenge with Kr-005/00, which is a recently isolated Korean epizootic genotype VII strain. Six-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated once and challenged three weeks later via the eye drop/intranasal route. All vaccinated birds were fully protected from disease, regardless of the vaccine strains used. All vaccinated and challenged groups showed significant sero-conversion 14 days after challenge. However, some vaccinated birds, despite being protected from disease, shed the challenge virus from their oro-pharynx and cloaca, albeit at significantly lower titers than the unvaccinated challenged control birds. The virological, serological, and epidemiological significance of our observations with regard to NDV disease eradication is discussed.
