Optimization of process conditions for effective ohmic heating of greater lizardfish (saurida tumbil) sausage via response surface methodology.

In current research, the optimization of ohmic heating on greater lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) sausage variables was carried out using response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD). The effect of process variables including voltage gradient (15-60 V/cm), time (1-15 min), and temperature (60-90°C) on the microbial properties, pH, peroxide value, water holding capacity (WHC), and cooking loss of the sausages was evaluated. The results showed that the characteristics of the sausages were dependent on the ohmic heating conditions and these properties can be modulated. As per the results, the voltage gradient and temperature has a significant effect on the total plate count (p < 0.05). The increase in voltage gradient was the most effective on pH (5.63-6.91). The interaction terms of all items had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the peroxide value of the fish sausages. Higher amount of temperature and process time were resulted in the more cooking loss. Increasing the voltage gradient was more effective on WHC compared to the temperature. Finally, the process was optimized and the optimized condition was achieved by setting the voltage gradient at 30 V/cm, process time at 4 min, and temperature at 66 °C. Also, it was compared with conventional heating. The results were shown that the differences between the mean values of all responses were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except for pH. Therefore, ohmic method was carried out faster, with lower temperature and obtaining the highest WHC and lowest total plate count, peroxide value, cooking loss, and optimized pH. Generally, this study suggested that the ohmic heating can be used as a rapid and homogeneous cooking method for the preparation of sausages from greater lizardfish as a commercial low-valued fish.

A DFT-based finite element approach for studying elastic properties, buckling and vibration of the arsenene.

A finite element model is developed to modeli the arsenene nanosheet. To obtain the element properties, which are used to represent As-As bonds in the structure of the arsenene, first principle calculation is used. The developed model is then used to compute Young's modulus, critical compressive force and the fundamental frequency of the arsenene nanosheet with different geometrical parameters. It is seen that the employed finite element model can be efficiently used to predict surface Young's modulus of the arsenene. Furthermore, larger arsenene nanosheets have larger surface Young's modulus. In the next step, the critical compressive forces of the arsenene nanosheet under different boundary conditions are computed. It is seen that the influence of the boundary conditions has higher impact on the bunking force of the smaller arsenenes nanosheets. Finally, investigating the vibrational characteristics of the arsenene nanosheets revealed that increasing the horizontal side length at a constant vertical side length leads to a reduction in the fundamental natural frequency.