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Objective:To explore the association between suboptimal health status (SHS) and plasma IgG N-glycans levels among undergraduates in a college in Shandong Province.Methods:A case-control study was conducted from September to November 2017, 100 college students who underwent physical examinations at Weifang University in Shandong, were selected as study participants based on the inclasion and exclusion criteria of the study. According to the criteria of SHS, the participants were divided into an SHS group ( n=50) and a health control group ( n=50). Plasma IgG N-glycosylaton levels were analyzed by means of ultra-high liquid chromatography (UPLC), and 24 glycan peaks were obtained. The Mann-Whitney U-test and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between IgG N-glycans and SHS. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the possibility of plasma IgG N-glycans being a biomarker of SHS. Results:The results of univariate and multivariate analysis showed that GP17 was associated with SHS ( P<0.05), and the relative abundance of initial glycan peaks (GP17) was higher in the SHS group compared with the control group. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the baseline model was 0.826 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: 0.747-0.905, P<0.001); the AUC of the glycan-based model was 0.631 (95% CI: 0.519-0.744, P=0.002), and the AUC of the combined model was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.763-0.912, P<0.001). Compared with the baseline model, the diagnostic efficiency of the combined model revealed a trend of improvement. Conclusions:The SHS of the students in a college in Shandong Province was associated with an IgG N-glycan level of GP17, which was significantly higher than that of the control group.
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BackgroundObservational studies showed that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) attacks universally and its most menacing progression uniquely endangers the elderly with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether COVID-19 is causally related to increasing susceptibility and severity of atrial fibrillation (AF), the main form of CVD, remains still unknown. MethodsThe study aims to investigate the bidirectional causal relations of COVID-19 with AF using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. ResultsMR evidence suggested genetically predicted severe COVID-19 was significantly associated with higher risk of AF (odds ratio [OR], 1.041; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.007-1.076; P = 0.017), while genetically predicted AF was not causally associated with severe COVID-19 (OR, 0.831; 95% CI, 1.619-1.115; P=0.217). There was limited evidence to support association of genetically proxied COVID-19 with risk of AF (OR, 1.051; 95% CI, 0.991-1.114; P=0.097), and vice versa (OR, 0.163; 95% CI, 0.004-6.790; P=0.341). MR-Egger indicated no evidence of pleiotropic bias. ConclusionOverall, severe COVID-19 may causally affect AF through independent biological pathway. Survivors from severe COVID-19 might be of high risk of AF in the future.
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BackgroundIn observational studies, 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration has been associated with an increased risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it remains unclear whether this association is causal. MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the causal relationship between 25OHD concentration and COVID-19, using summary data from the genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and using 25OHD concentration-related SNPs as instrumental variables (IVs). ResultsMR analysis did not show any evidence of a causal association of 25OHD concentration with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity (OR=1.168, 95% CI 0.956-1.427; OR=0.889, 95% CI 0.549-1.439). Sensitivity analyses using different instruments and statistical models yielded similar findings, suggesting the robustness of the causal association. No obvious pleiotropy bias and heterogeneity were observed. ConclusionThe MR analysis showed that there might be no linear causal relationship of 25OHD concentration with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.
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BackgroundIn observational studies, Alzheimers disease (AD) has been associated with an increased risk of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the prognosis of COVID-19 can affect nervous systems. However, the causality between these conditions remains to be determined. MethodsThis study sought to investigate the bidirectional causal relations of AD with COVID-19 using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. ResultsWe found that genetically predicted AD was significantly associated with higher risk of severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 3.329; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.139-9.725; P=0.028). Its interesting that genetically predicted severe COVID-19 was also significantly associated with higher risk of AD (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.001-1.007; P=0.018). In addition, the two strong genetic variants associated with severe COVID-19 was associated with higher AD risk (OR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.003-1.034; P=0.018). There is no evidence to support that genetically predicted AD was significantly associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, and vice versa. No obvious pleiotropy bias and heterogeneity were observed. ConclusionOverall, AD may causally affect severe COVID-19, and vice versa, performing bidirectional regulation through independent biological pathways.
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Objective:To evaluate the association between smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) incidence among Asian adults based on the prospective studies.Methods:Prospective studies conducted on Asian adults through May, 2019 were retrieved from the following databases: SinoMed, CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Then data were extracted on smoking status, smoking quantity, the number of newly-onset T2DM cases, and effect sizes.Results:A total of 31 studies were included. There were 2 159 787 investigators, 599 340 (27.75%) smokers, and 124 883 (5.78%) T2DM cases identified during the mean follow-up period of 8.3 years. Compared with non-smokers, the combined relativerisk ( RR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of current smokers and quitting smokers were 1.52 (1.34- -1.72) ( P<0.001) and 1.22 (1.09- -1.37) ( P=0.047), respectively. The RR and 95% CI of light smokers (<20/day), moderate smokers (20- -29/day), and heavy smokers (≥30/day) were 1.31(1.21- -1.53) ( P=0.001),1.42(1.14- -1.76)( P=0.212), and 2.17(1.50- -3.16) ( P=0.198), respectively. In males and females, the RR and 95% CI were 1.15 (1.08- -1.21) ( P<0.001) and 1.20 (1.11- -1.30) ( P=0.038), respectively. In addition, compared with non-smokers, the RR and 95% CI of current smokers were 1.57 (1.22- -2.03) ( P<0.001) and 1.47 (1.30- -1.66) ( P=0.063) during the follow-up periods of less than and more than 8.0 years, respectively, while the RR and 95% CI of quitters were 1.23 (1.06- -1.43) ( P=0.091)and 1.20 (1.07- -1.34) ( P=0.041), respectively. Conclusions:Prospective studies based on Asian adults have shown that smoking significantly increases the risk of diabetes incidence. That is, as cigarette consumption increases, the risk of diabetes increases accordingly. Moreover, compared to males, the risk for female smokers is greater. In addition, longer durations of smoking cessation are associated with a lower risk of T2DM.
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Objective@#To clarify the situation of the detection of upper gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesions in the Feicheng city and discuss the possible influencing factors.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling method was used to determine the participants. A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information including history of alcohol intake, smoking and chinese tea, as well as other eating habits, medical history of digestive tract and cancer. Endoscopy was used to to screen the patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesions. Influential factors were explored by non-conditional logistic regression model.@*Results@#911 of 7 291participants were positive, and the total detection rate was 12.49%. The total positive detection rate of male and female was 17.94% and 8.71%, respectively (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the sex (OR=0.527, 95%CI: 0.440-0.631), age (OR=2.037, 95%CI: 1.849-2.245), smoking (OR=1.240, 95%CI: 1.014-1.516) and alcohol consumption (OR=1.232, 95%CI: 1.012-1.500) , meat and protein intake (OR=0.794, 95%CI: 0.638-0.987) and drink tea (OR=1.233, 95%CI: 1.056-1.440) may be influencing factors of the total detection rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer and precancerosis.@*Conclusions@#In Feicheng city, intake of meat and protein is the protective factor of the upper gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesions. Men, aged, smoking, drinking and tea will increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Nowadays,the disconnection between pre-clinical medicine and clinical medicine exists in the medical postgraduate education.Application of the concept of translational medicine to the postgraduate education will play an important role in the training of medical personnel.This article gives a discussion on the means of training postgraduates by building a platform for translational medicine,reforming the curriculum,improving the research evaluation system and building cooperation among universities,hospitals and enterprises.
