Prevalence and factors associated with burnout syndrome in Peruvian health professionals before the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome (BS) is a prevalent occupational health problem in health professionals. To describe the prevalence and factors associated with BS in Peruvian health professionals. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. The key terms "burnout" and "professional exhaustion" were used with words related to Peru. The databases consulted were LILACS/Virtual Health Library, Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, SciELO, and RENATI-SUNEDU; articles published between January 2000 to December 2020 were considered for inclusion. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Thirty studies were identified (8 scientific articles and 22 graduate theses). The median sample size was 78, with an interquartile range of 50-110. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate a dichotomic prevalence of burnout syndrome in health professionals of 25 % (95%CI: 9 %-45 %; I2 = 97.14 %; 5 studies). Also, our meta-analysis estimated the overall prevalence of mild burnout (27 %; 95%CI: 16%-41 %; I2 = 96.50 %), moderate burnout (48 %; 95%CI: 32%-65 %; I2 = 97.54 %), and severe burnout (17 %; 95%CI: 10%-24 %; I2 = 92.13 %; 18 studies). We present meta-analyses by region, profession, hospital area, and by dimension of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Overall, the studies presented adequate levels of quality in 96.7 % of the included studies (n = 29). In addition, our narrative review of factors associated with BS and its three dimensions identified that different studies find associations with labor, socio-demographic, individual, and out-of-work factors. Conclusions: There is a higher prevalence of moderate BS in Peruvian health professionals at MINSA and EsSalud hospitals in Peru, with severity differing by region of Peru, type of profession, work area, and dimensions of BS.

Uso de drogas sociales en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo de Huaraz / Use of social drugs in students of the UNASAM

El presente estudio, de tipo descriptivo correlacional, describe y establece relaciones entre las variables de prevalencia de uso de drogas sociales, con las variables socioeconómicas y familiares, en una muestra probabilística de 290 estudiantes que cursaban del I al X ciclo en la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, se ha utilizado un cuestionario previamente validado por criterios de jueces y estudio piloto. Se concluye que la prevalencia de usos de drogas sociales es alto y similar tanto para el alcohol (84.3) como para el tabaco (80.3), en los estudiantes de la UNASAM, siendo mayor la prevalencia, como la frecuencia de uso, para los varones en comparación a las mujeres; en las edades de 20 a 29 años y en los primeros ciclos académicos.

This research, a descriptive correlational one, describes and stablishes relationships between the prevalence variables of social drugs use and the socioeconomic and family variables in a probabilistic sample of 290 studentes attending from I to X semester at UNASAM. It has been used a questionary previously validated by judges criteria and a pilot study. The conclusion was that the prevalence of social drugs use is high and similar for alcohol (84.3) as well as for tabaco (80.3) in the UNASAM students, being the prevalence and the frecuency os use higher in men than in women, in ages between, in ages between 20 and 29 and in the firts semesters.

Diagnóstico comunitario del uso de drogas en escolares de secundaria de Huaraz / Communitary diagnosis about drug consumption by high school students in Huaraz

Esta investigación descriptiva correlacional, ha comprendido dos etapas. En la primera se realizó la sistematización del marco conceptual y el examen preliminar del distrito de Huaraz. La segunda etapa consistió en realizar el diagnostico comunitario en sí, mediante la elaboración y administración de cuestionarios tanto a miembros y líderes comunitarios, como a los escolares de secundaria del distrito de Huaraz. Se desarrolló el modelo metodológico de tipo epidemiológico-comunitario propuesto por Gofin y Levav (1992). Se determinó la prevalencia de uso de drogas en los escolares de secundaria, utilizando un Cuestionario previamente validado por criterio de jueces y estudio piloto, administrado por encuestadores capacitados y supervisados por psicólogos. La muestra fue de 403 alumnos, de 12 a 19 años, siendo seleccionadas aleatoriamente. La PV. Global fue 78.4. al mayor PV fue mayor para los varones, en las edades de 17 a 19 años, en los tres últimos grados de secundaria, en los estratos socioeconómicos alto y medio en los colegios San Vicente de Paul y Santa Rosa de Viterbo.

This descriptive correlational investigation was made up in two stages. The first stage was a systematization of the conceptual framework and the preliminary test of the district of Huaraz. The second stage consisted in making a community diagnosis, by means of the preparation and administration of questionnaires to community members and leaders, as well as high school students from the district of Huaraz. The epidemic community type methodological model was developed as proposed by Gofin and Levav (1992). Drug use prevalence among high school students was determined using a questionary which was previously validated, and was administered by trained interviewers who were supervised by psychologist. The sample was made of 403 students, 12 to 19 years old, randomly chosen. Global PV was 78.4. the highest PV was for boys 17-19 years old who were studying the last three years of high school. Their socioeconomic level was high and medium, and the schools were San Vicente de Paul and Santa Rosa de Viterbo.