RESUMO
This study explores the impact of introducing vacancy in the transition metal layer of rationally designed Na0.6[Ni0.3Ru0.3Mn0.4]O2 (NRM) cathode material. The incorporation of Ru, Ni, and vacancy enhances the structural stability during extensive cycling, increases the operation voltage, and induces a capacity increase while also activating oxygen redox, respectively, in Na0.7[Ni0.2VNi0.1Ru0.3Mn0.4]O2 (V-NRM) compound. Various analytical techniques including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, operando X-ray diffraction, and operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry are employed to assess changes in the average oxidation states and structural distortions. The results demonstrate that V-NRM exhibits higher capacity than NRM and maintains a moderate capacity retention of 81% after 100 cycles. Furthermore, the formation of additional lone-pair electrons in the O 2p orbital enables V-NRM to utilize more capacity from the oxygen redox validated by density functional calculation, leading to a widened dominance of the OP4 phase without releasing O2 gas. These findings offer valuable insights for the design of advanced high-capacity cathode materials with improved performance and sustainability in sodium-ion batteries.
RESUMO
This paper presents a sintering technique using a laser in air which can provide heat for a few hundred milliseconds. In this study, a laser having a wavelength of 532 nm and a maximum-power output of 5 W was used. The effects of irradiated laser power at 104-282 W/cm² and sintering time of 50-330 milliseconds applied on spin-coated copper nanoparticle ink were investigated. The residual organic agent, oxidation, and specific resistance of the laser-sintered copper nanoparticle ink were characterized, and the sintering behavior was analyzed. For application, laser-sintered copper nanoparticle ink was confirmed to offer acceptable performance as a source and drain electrode in a thin-film transistor.
