Evolution of the WRKY Family in Angiosperms and Functional Diversity under Environmental Stress.

The transcription factor is an essential factor for regulating the responses of plants to external stimuli. The WRKY protein is a superfamily of plant transcription factors involved in response to various stresses (e.g., cold, heat, salt, drought, ions, pathogens, and insects). During angiosperm evolution, the number and function of WRKY transcription factors constantly change. After suffering from long-term environmental battering, plants of different evolutionary statuses ultimately retained different numbers of WRKY family members. The WRKY family of proteins is generally divided into three large categories of angiosperms, owing to their conserved domain and three-dimensional structures. The WRKY transcription factors mediate plant adaptation to various environments via participating in various biological pathways, such as ROS (reactive oxygen species) and hormone signaling pathways, further regulating plant enzyme systems, stomatal closure, and leaf shrinkage physiological responses. This article analyzed the evolution of the WRKY family in angiosperms and its functions in responding to various external environments, especially the function and evolution in Magnoliaceae plants. It helps to gain a deeper understanding of the evolution and functional diversity of the WRKY family and provides theoretical and experimental references for studying the molecular mechanisms of environmental stress.

Age-dependent modulation of oleoresin production in the stem of Sindora glabra.

Plants produce specialized metabolites in various organs which serve important functions in defense and development. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of oleoresin production in stems from broadleaved tree species are not fully understood. To determine whether endogenous developmental cues play a role in the regulation of oleoresin biosynthesis in tree stems, anatomy, multi-omics and molecular experiments were utilized to investigate the change of secretory structures, chemical profiles and gene expression in different ontogenetic stages of Sindora glabra tree, which accumulates copious amount of sesquiterpene-rich oleoresin in stems. The size of secretory canals and the concentration of five sesquiterpenes in Sindora stems exhibited obvious increase with plant age, from 0.5- to 20-year-old plants. Moreover, α-copaene and ß-copaene were found to be stem-specific sesquiterpenes. Metabolomic analysis revealed that salicylic acid highly accumulated in mature stems, but the content of triterpenes was greatly decreased. The expression of three repressors AUX/IAA, DELLA and JAZ involved in hormone signaling transduction pathways was significantly downregulated in stems of 10- and 20-year-old plants. Two key genes SgTPS3 and SgTPS5 were identified, whose expression was highly correlated with the accumulation patterns of specific sesquiterpenes and their enzymatic products were consistent with the chemical profiles in the stem. The promoters of three SgTPSs exhibiting high activity were isolated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SgSPL15 directly interacts with SgTPS3 and SgTPS5 promoters and activates SgTPS5 expression but SgSPL15 inhibits SgTPS3 expression. In addition, SgSPL15 enhanced sesquiterpene levels by upregulating AtTPSs expression in Arabidopsis. These results suggested that sesquiterpene biosynthesis in S. glabra stem was dependent on the regulation of endogenous hormones as well as plant age, and SgSPL15 might act as a buffering factor to regulate sesquiterpene biosynthesis by targeting SgTPS genes.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal regulation of terpene biosynthesis in the stems of Sindora glabra.

Sesquiterpenes are important defensive secondary metabolites that are synthesized in various plant organs. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) plays a key role in plant defense responses and secondary metabolism. Sindora glabra Merr. ex de Wit produces abundant sesquiterpenes in its trunks, and was subjected to investigation after MeJA treatment in order to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in plant stems and further our understanding of oleoresin production in trees. A total of 14 types of sesquiterpenes in the stems of mature S. glabra trees were identified. The levels of two sesquiterpenes, α-copaene and ß-caryophyllene, significantly increased after MeJA treatment. Differentially expressed genes involved in terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were significantly enriched over time, while the expression of JAZ genes involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway and TGA genes involved in the salicylic acid signaling pathway was significantly enriched at later time points after treatment. Two new terpene synthase genes, SgSTPS4 and SgSTPS5, were also identified. Following MeJA treatment, the expression levels of SgSTPS1, SgSTPS2 and SgSTPS4 decreased, while SgSTPS5 expression increased. The major enzymatic products of SgSTPS4 were identified as ß-elemene and cyperene, while SgSTPS5 was identified as a bifunctional mono/sesquiterpene synthase that could catalyze farnesyl pyrophosphate to produce nine types of sesquiterpenes, including α-copaene and ß-caryophyllene, while SgSTPS5 could also use geranyl pyrophosphate to produce geraniol. Dramatic changes in the amounts of α-copaene and ß-caryophyllene in response to MeJA were correlated with transcriptional expression changes of SgSTPS5 in the wood tissues. In addition, the transcription factors MYB, NAC, ARF, WRKY, MYC, ERF and GRAS were co-expressed with terpene biosynthesis genes and might potentially regulate terpene biosynthesis. Metabolite changes were further investigated with UPLC-TOF/MS following MeJA treatment. These results contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of terpene biosynthesis and regulation as well as to the identification of candidate genes involved in these processes.

The Diesel Tree Sindora glabra Genome Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Oleoresin Biosynthesis.

Sindora glabra is an economically important tree that produces abundant oleoresin in the trunk. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of S. glabra genome by combining Illumina HiSeq, Pacific Biosciences sequencing, and Hi-C technologies. The size of S. glabra genome was 1.11 Gb, with a contig N50 of 1.27 Mb and 31,944 predicted genes. This is the first sequenced genome of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. As a sister taxon to Papilionoideae, S. glabra underwent an ancient genome triplication shared by core eudicots and further whole-genome duplication shared by early-legume in the last 73.3 million years. S. glabra harbors specific genes and expanded genes largely involved in stress responses and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Moreover, 59 terpene backbone biosynthesis genes and 64 terpene synthase genes were identified, which together with co-expressed transcription factors could contribute to the diversity and specificity of terpene compounds and high terpene content in S. glabra stem. In addition, 63 disease resistance NBS-LRR genes were found to be unique in S. glabra genome and their expression levels were correlated with the accumulation of terpene profiles, suggesting potential defense function of terpenes in S. glabra. These together provide new resources for understanding genome evolution and oleoresin production.

Mechanism analysis of Sanhan-Qushi-Wenjing-Tongluo formula treating psoas fasciitis based on biological information technology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the effective chemical constituents and target genes of the Sanhan-Qushi-Wenjing-Tongluo formula through the method of network pharmacology, and to further analyze the mechanism of treatoffing psoas fasciitis. Methods:The TCMSP database was used to search and screen the chemical active substances of Sanhan-Qushi-Wenjing-Tongluo formula and its target proteins acting on the human body. At the same time, the GeneCards database platform was used to predict the target of disease and the active ingredient-target network was constructed. Construct a PPI network through the STRING database, search for PPI core genes, and then perform GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis to find the signal pathways involved and construct a target-path network. Results:Through screening, a total of 23 key chemical components and 25 common target proteins was obtained in Sanhan-Qushi-Wenjing-Tongluo formula treating psoas fasciitis; gene analysis of enrichment analysis results include antibiotic response, cyclin-dependent proteins kinase holoenzyme complex, cytokine receptor binding, etc. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis results include AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, measles, endocrine resistance, inflammatory bowel disease, etc; the target genes gained which have a higher degree of matching with the above mentioned pathways include IL6, JUN, IL1B, CDK4, CCND1. Conclusion:Sanhan-Qushi-Wenjing-Tongluo formula could treat psoas fasciitis by regulating the target genes such as IL6, JUN, IL1B, CDK4 and CCND1.

Genome-wide characterization of the SPL gene family involved in the age development of Jatropha curcas.

BACKGROUND: SPL (SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like) proteins form a large family of plant-specific transcription factors that play essential roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. They are potentially important candidates for genetic improvement of agronomic traits. However, there were limited information about the SPL genes in Jatropha curcas, an important biofuel plant. RESULTS: In Jatropha, 15 JcSPL genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the JcSPLs were closely related to SPLs from woody plant rather than herbaceous plant and distantly related to monocotyledon SPLs. Gene structure, conserved motif and repetitive sequence analysis indicated diverse and specific functions of some JcSPL genes. By combination of target prediction and degradome sequencing analysis, 10 of the 15 JcSPLs were shown to be targets of JcmiR156. Quantitative PCR analysis showed diversified spatial-temporal expression patterns of JcSPLs. It is interesting that the expression levels of JcSPL3 were the highest in all tissues examined in 7- or 10-year-old plants and exhibited increasing trend with plant age, suggesting its important role in the regulation of age development in Jatropha. Overexpression of JcSPL3 in Arabidopsis resulted in earlier flowering time, shorter silique length and reduced biomass of roots. CONCLUSIONS: Through comprehensive and systematic analysis of phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, chromosomal locations, repetitive sequence and expression patterns, 15 JcSPL genes were identified in Jatropha and characterized in great detail. These results provide deep insight into the evolutionary origin and biological significance of plant SPLs and lay the foundation for further functional characterization of JcSPLs with the purpose of genetic improvement in Jatropha.

Effect of dihydroartemisinin supplementation on inflammation and lipid metabolism induced by lipopolysaccharide in liver of weaned piglets / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of dihydroartemisinin(DHA) on hepatic inflammation and lipid metabolism in weaned piglets, a liver injury model of weaned piglets was established by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced method. In this study, 30 healthy weaned piglets were selected and randomly divided into control group(CON), model group(LPS) and treatment group(LD, LPS+DHA), with 10 in each group. The CON group and the LPS group were fed with a basal diet, and the LD group was fed with a basal diet+80 mg·kg~(-1) DHA. The test period was 21 days. The LPS group and the LD group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg·kg~(-1) LPS at 4 hours before slaughter, and the CON group was injected with the same dose of sterile physiological saline. The results showed that compared with the CON group, contents of TC, AST activity and AST/ALT ratio were significantly increased in the serum of LPS piglets(P<0.05), content of HDL-c was significantly decreased(P<0.05). In addition, in the liver, the levels of TG, NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased significantly(P<0.05), and activities of LPL, HL and TL were decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, content of TC, activities of AST and ALT and the AST/ALT ratio were decreased significantly(P<0.05), and HDL-c content increased significantly in the serum of LD piglets(P<0.05). The contents of TG, NEFA, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and activity of FAS in the liver were decreased significantly(P<0.05), and the activities of LPL, HL and TL were increased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ACCβ and SREBP-1 c in the LPS group were significantly increased(P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of AMPKα, SIRT1, CPT-1 and SCD were decreased significantly(P<0.05). The above indicators were improved in the LD group compared with the LPS group. These results indicated that DHA had a certain effect in recovering LPS-induced liver inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism.

Regulation of flowering time by SPL10/MED25 module in Arabidopsis.

Several SQUAMASA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors are involved in plant developmental transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. However, the function of SPL10 in regulating floral transition is largely unknown. It is also not known which Mediator subunit mediates SPL10 transcriptional activity. Here, we used overexpression lines and knockout mutants to examine the role of SPL10 in flowering-time regulation and we investigated possible interactions of SPL10 with several mediator subunits in vitro and in vivo. Plants overexpressing SPL10 showed precocious flowering, whereas the triple loss-of-function mutants of SPL10 and its two homologous genes, SPL2 and SPL11, flowered late compared with wild-type plants. We found that SPL10 interacts with MED25, a subunit of the Mediator complex, which bridges transcription factors and RNA polymerase II to facilitate transcription initiation. Genetic analysis showed that MED25 acts downstream of SPL10 to execute SPL10-regulated floral transition. Furthermore, SPL10 was required for MED25 association with the promoters of two target genes, FUL and LFY. We provide evidence that SPL10 recruits MED25 to the promoters of target genes to regulate flowering time. Our results on the SPL10/MED25 module are relevant to the molecular mechanism of other SPL family members.

Transcriptome Analysis of Oleoresin-Producing Tree Sindora Glabra and Characterization of Sesquiterpene Synthases.

Terpenes serve important physiological and ecological functions in plants. Sindora glabra trees accumulate copious amounts of sesquiterpene-rich oleoresin in the stem. A transcriptome approach was used to determine the unique terpene biosynthesis pathway and to explore the different regulatory mechanisms responsible for the variation of terpene content among individuals. Analysis of de novo-assembled contigs revealed a complete set of genes for terpene biosynthesis. A total of 23,261 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were discovered between high and low oil-yielding plants. DEG enrichment analysis suggested that the terpene biosynthesis process and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway may exert a major role in determining terpene variation in S. glabra. The expression patterns of candidate genes were further verified by quantitative RT-PCR experiments. Key genes involved in the terpene biosynthesis pathway were predominantly expressed in phloem and root tissues. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization implied that S. glabra terpene synthases may evolve from a common ancestor. Furthermore, two sesquiterpene synthase genes, SgSTPS1 and SgSTPS2, were functionally characterized. SgSTPS1 mainly generated ß-caryophyllene from farnesyl pyrophosphate. SgSTPS2 is a versatile enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 12 sequiterpenes from farnesyl pyrophosphate and synthesis of three monoterpenes using geranyl pyrophosphate. Together, these results provide large reservoir for elucidating the molecular mechanism of terpene biosynthesis and for exploring the ecological function of sesquiterpenes in S. glabra.

Identification and characterization of a novel esterase from Thauera sp.

A novel esterase gene TLip was identified from the strain Thauera sp. and expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli. The TLip protein shared the highest identity (48%) to esterase TesA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared to enzymes with reported properties. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TLip belongs to the GDSL family of bacterial lipolytic enzymes. TLip was an alkaline esterase with a broad optimal temperature range 37-50 °C and an optimal pH of 8.0. Substrate specificity assays showed that TLip preferred medium chain p-nitrophenyl esters (C6 -C12 ). Besides, the activity of TLip was strongly inhibited by Cu2+ but greatly enhanced by Triton X-100 and Tween 80. Thermostability assay revealed that TLip was stable without loss of activity at 37 °C and still retained 69% activity at 50 °C after 2 H of incubation. Together, these provided a good candidate for further exploration of TLip as a promising biocatalyst in industry.

Electron beam melting in the fabrication of three-dimensional mesh titanium mandibular prosthesis scaffold.

The study was designed to fulfill effective work-flow to fabricate three-dimensional mesh titanium scaffold for mandibular reconstruction. The 3D titanium mesh scaffold was designed based on a volunteer with whole mandible defect. (1) acquisition of the CT data; (2) design with computer aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA). The pore size and intervals with the best mechanic strength was also calculated using FEA. (3) fabrication of the scaffold using electron beam melting (EBM); (4) implantation surgery. The case recovered well, without loosening and rejection. Additionally, 12 mandibular defect model beagles were used to verify the results. The model was established via tooth extraction and mandibular resection surgeries, and the scaffold was designed individually based on CT data obtained at 2 weeks after extraction operation. Then scaffolds were fabricated using 3D EBM, and the implantation surgery was performed at 2 months after extraction operation. All the animals healed well after implantation, and the grafted mandibular recovered well with time. The relevant parameters of the grafted mandibular were nearly to the native mandibular at postoperative 12 months. It is feasible to fabricate mesh titanium scaffold for repairing mandibular defects individually using reverse engineering, CAD and EBM techniques.

Effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of azithromycin,clarithromycin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin against 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853,PA1,PA2 and PA3) were determined by broth microdilution method.The biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by silver dyeing method on the biofilm model with medical microporous membranes in vitro.The effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin on the adhesion of biofilm were detected by crystal violet staining.The synergistic bactericidal effects of azithromycin and clarithromycin with ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin or gentamicin were detected by thiazolyl blue method respectively.Results The MIC values of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853,PA1,PA2 and PA3 for azithromycin,clarithromycin,cefiazidime,ciprofloxacin and gentamycin were 32,64,1,≤0.125 and 0.25 μg/mL;32,256,8,0.25 and 1 μg/mL;64,128,＞ 256,32 and 2 μg/mL and 64,128,8,2 and 0.25 μg/mL.The results of silver staining showed that the microfiltration membranes of all the four P.aeruginosa cultures appeared to be grayish black,thick and dense,and cotton-like.Compared with the control group in which no antibacterial drugs were added,both azithromycin and clarithromycin (1/16 or 1/4 MIC) reduced significantly the adhesion of the 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853,PA1,PA2 and PA3) on the microporous membrane (Pall ＜ 0.05).Compared with the use of 1 MIC of ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin or gentamycin alone,the combination of anyone of the four antimicrobial drug with azithromycin or clarithromycin (1/16 MIC) reduced the counts of viable bacteria on each biofilms with significant differences (P all ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Azithromycin and clarithromycin could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and may present synergistic effects combined with cefiazidime,ciprofloxacin or gentamicin.

Anatomical study on finger of extensor tendon in zone Ⅰ / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To discuss the effect of proximal interphalangeal joint(PIPJ) motion on the tension of the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon through measuring the extensor tendon and find the fixed position of PIPJ when the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon at minimum tension,and to provide reference for best fixed position in clinical treatment.Methods The maximal passive flexion angles of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP J) of the index,distal,ring and little fingers were measured in 20 cadaver hands when the PIPJ flexed at 0 °,20 °,40 °,60 °,80 ° and 100 °.Making an incision over the back of the DIPJ to expose the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon.Incising the extensor tendon laterally at the level of the DIPJ with the DIPJ fixed in extension position to make a mallet finger.Pierced a Kirschner wire through and perpendicular to the distal phalangeal basement as a sign.Parallel to this sign,marked the zone Ⅰ extensor tendon and measured its relative distance to the sign as the sliding distance of the extensor.Recording the widest gap between the tendon edges and the tendon sliding distance while the PIPJ was in extension and 20°,40°,60°,80° and 100°flexion position,severally.Results The maximal passive flexion angle of the DIPJ increased with the PIPJ flexed from 0°to 100°in 80 fingers.The gap between the extensor tendon edges in zone Ⅰ was (1.322 8 ± 1.078 9) mm when the PIPJ was in extension position.The proximal extensor tendon glide distally while the PIPJ flexed to 100° with an average sliding distance of(1.540 5 ± 0.690 7) mm.Conclusion The zone Ⅰ extensor tendon has the maximal tension while the PIPJ is in extension position.Flexing PIPJ can make the tension decrease.

Role of estrogen in alleviating hemorrhagic shock-induced organ injury / 中国病理生理杂志

Estrogen has many biological activities and extensive clinical applications.Hemorrhagic shock-in-duced major organ dysfunction and injury,which are related to sex differences,play a triggering role in irreversible shock. The present article reviews the role of estrogen in alleviating hemorrhagic shock-induced organ injury by analyzing and sum-marizing the recent studies,thus expanding the clinical application of estrogen and providing a novel approach for treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock.

Preparation and in vitro properties of degradable antibacterial composite hydrogel for intestinal fistulas / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: As the surgical treatment for intestinal fistulas nowadays needs to be improved, we are seeking a new kind of artificially synthesized hydrogel to replace fibrin gels as the sealing gel, which is imperative for both economic and social benefits.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a degradable antibacterial composite hydrogel and to detect the in vitro biological properties. METHODS: In this study, we combined soluble chitosan (S-Cts) with oxidized alginate (O-Alg) to prepare the injectable and degradable hydrogel under Schiff base reaction. Besides, nanosilver (nano-Ag) particles were added to obtain S-Cts/O-Alg/nano-Ag composite hydrogel. Gelation time, microstructure, swelling, degradation, and antibacterial properties of the composite hydrogel were observed and detected in simulated physiological environment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The closer constituent contents of water-soluble chitosan and sodium alginate indicate the shorter gelation time, and the time could be controlled within the range of surgery. The variation in the constituent content of the two components can affect the hydrogel microstructure. The higher constituent content of water-soluble chitosan implicates the denser network of the hydrogel. The composite hydrogel has excellent swelling properties, and it degrades faster in the simulated intestinal fluid containing trypsin than in the PBS. Moreover, adding nanosilver particles can bring certain antibacterial properties. This hydrogel has better biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial ability than natural macromolecules, and has certain research value and application prospect.

Preparation and in vitro properties of degradable antibacterial composite hydrogel for intestinal fistulas / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: As the surgical treatment for intestinal fistulas nowadays needs to be improved, we are seeking a new kind of artificially synthesized hydrogel to replace fibrin gels as the sealing gel, which is imperative for both economic and social benefits.OBJECTIVE: To prepare a degradable antibacterial composite hydrogel and to detect the in vitro biological properties. METHODS: In this study, we combined soluble chitosan (S-Cts) with oxidized alginate (O-Alg) to prepare the injectable and degradable hydrogel under Schiff base reaction. Besides, nanosilver (nano-Ag) particles were added to obtain S-Cts/O-Alg/nano-Ag composite hydrogel. Gelation time, microstructure, swelling, degradation, and antibacterial properties of the composite hydrogel were observed and detected in simulated physiological environment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The closer constituent contents of water-soluble chitosan and sodium alginate indicate the shorter gelation time, and the time could be controlled within the range of surgery. The variation in the constituent content of the two components can affect the hydrogel microstructure. The higher constituent content of water-soluble chitosan implicates the denser network of the hydrogel. The composite hydrogel has excellent swelling properties, and it degrades faster in the simulated intestinal fluid containing trypsin than in the PBS. Moreover, adding nanosilver particles can bring certain antibacterial properties. This hydrogel has better biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial ability than natural macromolecules, and has certain research value and application prospect.

Prognostic Impact of Cell Division Cycle Associated 2 Expression on Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<strong>Objective</strong> To examine the expression of cell division cycle associated 2 (CDCA 2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and investigate its role in prognosis of PDAC patients. <strong>Methods</strong> This retrospective study included 155 PDAC patients who underwent surgical treatment and complete post-operative follow-up. Clinicopathologic data were collected through clinical database. Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CDCA2 expression in the PDAC tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Clinicopathological characteristics between high and low CDCA2 expression were compared. Correlation of CDCA2 expressions with patients' survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. <strong>Results</strong> Expression of CDCA2 in PDAC cells was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues (U=4056.5, P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that CDCA2 expression [hazard ratio (HR)=1.574, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.014-2.443, P=0.043] and node metastasis (HR=1.704, 95%CI=1.183-2.454, P=0.004) were significantly associated with prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed CDCA2 expression was not an independent prognostic risk factor (HR=1.418, 95%CI=0.897-2.242, P=0.135) for PDCA patients. Stratification survival analysis demonstrated CDCA2 expression as an independent prognostic risk factor in male patients (HR=2.554, 95%CI=1.446-4.511, P=0.003) or in non-perineural invasion patients (HR=2.290, 95%CI=1.146-4.577, P=0.012). <strong>Conclusions</strong> CDCA2 is highly expressed in PDAC tumor tissue. Although CDCA2 is not an independent prognostic risk factor for PDAC patients, it might be used to help predict prognosis of male or non-perineural invasion patients of PDAC.

Prognostic Impact of Cell Division Cycle Associated 2 Expression on Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To examine the expression of cell division cycle associated 2 (CDCA 2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and investigate its role in prognosis of PDAC patients. Methods This retrospective study included 155 PDAC patients who underwent surgical treatment and complete post-operative follow-up. Clinicopathologic data were collected through clinical database. Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CDCA2 expression in the PDAC tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Clinicopathological characteristics between high and low CDCA2 expression were compared. Correlation of CDCA2 expressions with patients' survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Results Expression of CDCA2 in PDAC cells was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-tumor tissues (U=4056.5, P<0.001). Univariate analysis showed that CDCA2 expression [hazard ratio (HR)=1.574, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.014-2.443, P=0.043] and node metastasis (HR=1.704, 95%CI=1.183-2.454, P=0.004) were significantly associated with prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed CDCA2 expression was not an independent prognostic risk factor (HR=1.418, 95%CI=0.897-2.242, P=0.135) for PDCA patients. Stratification survival analysis demonstrated CDCA2 expression as an independent prognostic risk factor in male patients (HR=2.554, 95%CI=1.446-4.511, P=0.003) or in non-perineural invasion patients (HR=2.290, 95%CI=1.146-4.577, P=0.012). Conclusions CDCA2 is highly expressed in PDAC tumor tissue. Although CDCA2 is not an independent prognostic risk factor for PDAC patients, it might be used to help predict prognosis of male or non-perineural invasion patients of PDAC.