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As a stable, low-cost, environment-friendly, and gas-sensitive material, semiconductor metal oxides have been widely used for gas sensing. In the past few years, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have gained increasing attention in the field of gas sensing with the advantages of maximized atomic utilization and unique electronic and chemical properties and have successfully been applied to enhance the detection sensitivity and selectivity of metal oxide gas sensors. However, the application of SACs in gas sensors is still in its infancy. Herein, we critically review the recent advances and current status of single-atom catalysts in metal oxide gas sensors, providing some suggestions for the development of this field. The synthesis methods and characterization techniques of SAC-modified metal oxides are summarized. The interactions between SACs and metal oxides are crucial for the stable loading of single-atom catalysts and for improving gas-sensitive performance. Then, the current application progress of various SACs (Au, Pt, Cu, Ni, etc.) in metal oxide gas sensors is introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of SACs in metal oxide gas sensors are presented.
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Rationale: Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (PCAS), also known as dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS), is a part of the "follicular occlusion tetrad" that also includes acne conglobate (AC), hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), and pilonidal sinus, which share the same pathogenic mechanism, such as follicular occlusions, follicular ruptures, and follicular infections. Patient concerns: A 15-year-old boy had multiple rashes on the scalp accompanied by pain. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with PCAS or DCS based on the clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations. Interventions: The patient was initially administered adalimumab 40 mg biweekly and oral isotretinoin 30 mg daily for 5 months. Because the initial results were insufficient, the interval between adalimumab injections was extended to 4 weeks, and isotretinoin was changed to baricitinib 4 mg daily for 2 months. When the condition became more stable, adalimumab 40 mg and baricitinib 4 mg were administered every 20 and 3 days, respectively, for two more months until now. Outcomes: After 9 months of treatment and follow-up, the original skin lesions of the patient were almost cured, and most inflammatory alopecia patches disappeared. Conclusion: Our literature review did not find any previous reports on treating PCAS with TNF-α inhibitors and baricitinib. Accordingly, we presented the first successful treatment of PCAS with this regimen.
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and suicide has increased in patients with psoriasis, although no study has systematically analyzed the epidemiology worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence and incidence of psoriasis with comorbid mental disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety, and suicide). METHODS: Five databases from establishment through May 2022 were searched. Stata SE 15.1 was used for the data analysis. Subgroup, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of pooled studies. RESULTS: We evaluated 56 studies in our research. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicide in adults with psoriasis was 20%, 21%, and 0.77%. Patients with psoriasis in North America had a higher prevalence of depression and suicide, whereas those in South America had a higher prevalence of anxiety. The incidence of depression, anxiety, and suicide was 42.1, 24.7, and 2.6 per 1000 person-years in adults with psoriasis, respectively. LIMITATIONS: All of the included studies were published in Chinese and English, causing a degree of selection bias. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the incidence and prevalence of comorbid mental disorders in patients with psoriasis, which may raise awareness among physicians and patients regarding the mental problems associated with psoriasis.
