Tumor Mechanomedicine / 中华肿瘤杂志

Malignant tumors represent a significant health challenge, critically impacting human well-being. Historically, the focus has been on leveraging the biochemical cues of tumors for both diagnosis and treatment. While valuable, this strategy does not capture the full complexity of tumor diagnosis and management. Recently, the integration of biomechanics and mechanobiology with oncology has highlighted the importance of mechanical cues, which have emerged as new hallmarks of tumors, opening potential novel routes for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite the advances, a thorough literature review suggests a pronounced gap in our understanding of the mechanical properties of tumors. The clinical community has not yet completely recognized the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the mechanical cues of tumors. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose and introduce the paradigm of "Tumor Mechanomedicine". We provide a comprehensive overview of the multi-scale mechanical characteristics of tumors, exploring their influence on tumor biology, from the aspects of tumor biomechanics, tumor mechanobiology, tumor mechanodiagnostics, and tumor mechanotherapeutics. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these mechanical cues, we aim to furnish the oncology community with fresh insights, paving the way for innovative solutions to persistent clinical conundrums.

Tumor Mechanomedicine / 中华肿瘤杂志

Malignant tumors represent a significant health challenge, critically impacting human well-being. Historically, the focus has been on leveraging the biochemical cues of tumors for both diagnosis and treatment. While valuable, this strategy does not capture the full complexity of tumor diagnosis and management. Recently, the integration of biomechanics and mechanobiology with oncology has highlighted the importance of mechanical cues, which have emerged as new hallmarks of tumors, opening potential novel routes for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite the advances, a thorough literature review suggests a pronounced gap in our understanding of the mechanical properties of tumors. The clinical community has not yet completely recognized the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the mechanical cues of tumors. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose and introduce the paradigm of "Tumor Mechanomedicine". We provide a comprehensive overview of the multi-scale mechanical characteristics of tumors, exploring their influence on tumor biology, from the aspects of tumor biomechanics, tumor mechanobiology, tumor mechanodiagnostics, and tumor mechanotherapeutics. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these mechanical cues, we aim to furnish the oncology community with fresh insights, paving the way for innovative solutions to persistent clinical conundrums.

Analysis of clinical outcomes of simplified treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration by MAST Quadrant / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the method and clinical effect of MAST Quadrant for lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2014 to January 2016, 36 cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration were treated by MAST Quadrant(target nerve decompression and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or articulationes zygapophysiales fusion by unilateral fixation with MAST Quadrant). Twenty-three cases were degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis and 13 cases were isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis. According to Meyerding grade of spondylolisthesis, 16 cases were grade I, 17 cases were grade II, and 3 cases were grade III. Visual analogue score (VAS), Oswesty Disability Index (ODI) and JOA score were used to evaluate the clinical outcome.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amount of intraoperative bleeding was 230 to 480 ml with an average of 340 ml and the amount of postoperative blood loss was 15 to 80 ml with an average of 43 ml. Operative time was 176 to 240 min with an average of 193 min; X-ray exposure time was 2 to 6 s with an average of 3.6 s. Two cases were complicated with dural tear without nerve injury during operation. Thirty cases were followed up from 12 to 17 months with an average of 15.2 months. VAS scores for preoperative, 5 days, 3 months after surgery were 7.6±1.7, 1.9±0.4, 0.8±0.4 respectively, and there was significant difference before and after operation(<0.05). The ODI scores for preoperative and 3 months after surgery were 35.9±1.2 and 3.7±0.7 respectively, and there was significant difference before and after operation(<0.05). JOA scores for preoperative, 5 days, 1 months, 3 months after surgery were 13.2±0.4, 24.4±0.4, 27.4±0.1, 27.9±0.5 respectively, and there was significant difference before and after operation(<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MAST Quadrant can be applied to treat lumbar spondylolisthesis with adjacent segment degeneration, and the minimally invasive sugical technique is a safe and effective method, with the advantage of simple operation, fast recovery.</p>

Correlation between premature ejaculation and redundant prepuce / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the correlation between redundant prepuce and premature ejaculation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-two cases suffering from premature ejaculation and redundant prepuce were treated with circumcision. They were asked to fill the investigating questionnaire about the changes of ejaculatory latent period, patients' and their wives' satisfaction with sexual life before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During 12 months after circumcision, 28 cases were cured and 11 cases were efficacious. The curative rate was 54.9% and effective rate was 76.5%. Twelve cases with no responding continued to be treated with routine methods, such as psychotherapy, daub narcotic to glans of penis and taking medicine to treat chronic prostatitis, which were used before circumcision but still no effects. During 18 months after circumcision, 4 cases were cured and 5 cases were efficacious.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Redundant prepuce had direct or indirect relationship with premature ejaculation. The circumcision is one of the effective methods to treat premature ejaculation.</p>

Apolipoprotein e4 allele and the risk of CAD death in type 2 diabetes mellitus with ischaemia electrocardiographic change.

The presence of apolipoprotein (Apo) e4 allele is reported to be associated with the increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as the impairment of endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we hypothesized that Apo e4 allele increases the death risk from coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes with ischaemia electrocardiographic change. From January 1993 to December 1999, 46 type 2 diabetic patients with e4/4 or e4/3, 96 with e3/3 and 45 with e2/2 or e3/2 genotypes were recruited. All subjects were unrelated elderly type 2 diabetic patients with ischaemia electrocardiographic change, aged 60-87 years, and their cardiac function were all the class I stage at their time of enrollment. A follow-up study of 3-10 years was undergone. The results are as follows: At baseline, serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were higher in subjects with e4/3 or e4/4 than in subjects with e2/2 or e3/2 (p<0.05). Lipoprotein(a) concentration was lower in subjects with e2/2 or e3/2 than in subjects with e3/3 and e4/3 or e4/4 (p < 0.05). During the 3-10 years follow-up period, a total of 55 patients who died from CAD were recorded in this sample. Compared with patients with e3/3 (p = 0.024) and patients with e2/2 or e2/3 genotypes (p = 0.002), the mortality rate of CAD in patients with e4/3 or e4/4 genotypes was the highest (47.8%). Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that in the diabetic population studied Apo e4 allele was independently and significantly associated with CAD death (B = 0.65). However, the strength of the association decreased (B = 0.44) when total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) were included in the model. Therefore, we concluded that Apo e4 allele increases the risk of CAD death in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus with ischaemia electrocardiographic change.

Apolipoprotein e4 allele is predictor of coronary artery disease death in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The presence of the apolipoprotein (Apo) e4 allele is reported to be associated with the increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as the impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we hypothesized that the Apo e4 allele increases the death risk from coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes. From January 1993 to December 1999, 36 type 2 diabetic patients with e4/4 or e4/3, 62 with e3/3 and 33 with e2/2 or e3/2 genotypes were recruited. All subjects were unrelated, elderly, type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease, aged 60-84 years, with cardiac function at the Class I stage at time of enrollment. A follow-up study of 3-10 years was undergone. The results are as follows: At baseline, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were higher in subjects with e4/3 or e4/4 than in subjects with e2/2 or e3/2 (P = 0.026). Lipoprotein(a) concentration was lower in subjects with e2/2 or e3/2 than in subjects with e3/3 (P = 0.044) and e4/3 or e4/4 (P = 0.038). During the 3-10 years follow-up period, a total of 39 patients who died from CAD was recorded in this sample. Compared with patients with e3/3 (P = 0.030) and patients with e2/2 or e3/2 genotypes (P = 0.001), the mortality rate of CAD in patients with e4/3 or e4/4 genotypes was the highest (50%). Stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that in the diabetic population studied the Apo e4 allele was independently and significantly associated with CAD death (B = 0.64). However, the strength of the association decreased (B = 0.48) when total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) were included in the model. Therefore, we concluded that Apo e4 allele increases the risk of CAD death in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and the brachial artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes without angiopathy / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and endothelial dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ten type 2 diabetic patients without angiopathy were selected randomly, and PCR technique was used to determine their ACE genotypes. High resolution ultrasonography was performed to measure the changes in brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperemia (with increased flow producing an endothelium-dependent dilation) and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GNT, an endothelium-independent dilator). Meanwhile, 50 healthy individuals were selected randomly as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In type 2 diabetes mellitus and control groups, the percentages for flow-mediated arterial dilation in patients with DD genotypes were 3.38% and 3.67% respectively, which were significantly lower than those in patients with II genotypes (4.12% and 4.68% respectively, P<0.05). The baseline blood vessel size, baseline blood flow and GNT induced dilation in both groups showed no significant differences among ACE genotypes (P>0.05). By multiple stepwise regression analysis, reduced flow-mediated arterial dilation was associated with age, baseline vessel size, low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), Lp(a), D allele, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postparandial blood glucose (PPBG), HbA1c, duration of diabetes in type 2 diabetic patients (P<0.0005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ACE DD genotype is related to endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in the early stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus and in healthy individuals.</p>