Effect of phacoemulsification combined with different types of IOL implantation in age-related cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the effects of phacoemulsification(Phaco)combined with different types of intraocular lens implantation(IOL)on age-related cataract. <p>METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 105 elderly patients with age-related cataract who were treated with surgery in our hospital, and they were divided into group A(35 cases, 51 affected eyes), group B(35 cases, 49 affected eyes)and group C(35 cases, 52 affected eyes). All subjects were treated by IOL+Phaco, and types of IOL in the three groups were three-piece and single-piece Natural and Rayner. The preoperative and postoperative biological measurement indexes and postoperative complications were compared among the three groups. <p>RESULTS: At 3mo after surgery, the intraocular pressure(IOP)in three groups was significantly decreased(<i>P</i><0.05)while the angle opening distance(AOD500), trabecular iris angle(TIA500), central anterior chamber depth(ACD), trabecular-ciliary processes distance(TCPD), each quadrant angle, uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)were significantly increased(<i>P</i><0.05). The ACD and TIA500 in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C(<i>P</i><0.05),and there were no significant differences in the uncorrected visual acuity, BCVA and other biological measurement indexes among the three groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). There were significant differences in vertical shift and horizontal shift of intraocular lens among the three groups at 1mo and 3mo after surgery(<i>P</i><0.05), and the vertical shift and horizontal shift of intraocular lens at 1mo and 3mo after surgery in group A were lower than those in groups B and C(<i>P</i><0.05), and there were no significant differences in vertical shift and horizontal shift between group B and group C(<i>P</i>>0.05).The incidence rate of posterior capsule wrinkle in group A after surgery was obviously higher than that in group B and group C(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The intraocular stability and safety of Phaco+single-piece IOL are better than those of Phaco+ three-piece IOL, but Phaco+ three-piece IOL has deeper ACD after surgery and can prevent the forward shift of IOL, and they have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Chlorogenic acid regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response of human retinal vascular endothelial cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. This study aims to explore the effect of chlorogenic acid ( CA) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) -induced apoptosis and inflammatory response of human retinal vascular endothelial cells ( HRECs). Methods: Cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The protein levels of Ki67, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Bax, NF-κB P65 and P-NF-κB P65 were detected by Western blot. Results: The low concentration ( ＜50 μmol/L) of CA had no effect on cell viability of HRECs. The cell viability of HRECs was decreased by high concentration (＞ 50 μmol/L) of CA. Compared with control group, the proliferation in LPS group was reduced with enhancive apoptosis ( P ＜ 0. 05). Compared with LPS group, the proliferation in CA ( 20, 50 μmol/L) group was increased with attenuated apoptosis ( P ＜ 0. 05). The protein levels of Ki67 and Bcl-2 in LPS group were lower than control group ( P ＜0. 05). And the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in LPS group was higher than control group ( P＜0. 05). Compared with LPS group, the protein levels of Ki67 and Bcl-2 in CA ( 20, 50 μmol/L) group were elevated with decreased expression of Caspase-3 and Bax ( P ＜0. 05). Moreover, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS group were higher than control group ( P＜0. 05). And the levels of IL-10 in LPS group were lower than control group ( P＜0. 05). Compared with LPS group, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in CA ( 20, 50 μmol/L) group were reduced with enhanced levels of IL-10 ( P＜0. 05). In addition, the rate of p-P65/P65 in LPS group was higher than control group ( P＜0. 05). The rate of p-P65/P65 in CA ( 10, 20, 50 μmol/L) group was lower than LPS group ( P＜0. 05). Conclusion: Chlorogenic acid alleviates LPS-induced enhancive apoptosis and inflammatory response of HRECs via inhibiting activation of NF-κB P65.

Baicalin protects mice against Salmonella typhimurium infection via the modulation of both bacterial virulence and host response.

BACKGROUND: The worsening problems of antibiotic resistance prompt the need for alternative strategies. Baicalin, which is isolated from Scutellaria baicalensisi, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-virulence and antimicrobial effects. Salmonella typhimurium is an important foodborne pathogenic bacteriaum that causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and many animals. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baicalin on S. typhimurium infection in mice and its possible mechanism in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: To evaluate the effect of baicalin in vivo, mice were orally administered of baicalin, and then were infected by an intragastric administration of S. typhimurium. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of baicalin, baicalein, and oroxylin A against S. typhimurium were detected under the guides of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were infected with S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of baicalin, baicalein, and oroxylin A at sub-MICs. METHODS: In the in vivo experiment, the body weight loss, the serum levels of TNFα,  IL-6, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), the pathological changes of the caecum and the caecum bacterial burdens were examined. The MICs and MBCs of baicalin, baicalein, and oroxylin A against S. typhimurium were detected by two-fold serial dilutions. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were infected with S. typhimurium, and the invasion capacity, TNFα, nitrate, and LDH were analysed. The transcription levels of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 virulence associated genes (sopB, sopE, sopE2) of S. typhimurium in the presence of baicalin, baicalein, and oroxylin A were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Our results showed that baicalin significantly decreased the body weight loss, the serum levels of TNFα,  IL-6, and LDH, and the caecum bacterial burdens of mice challenged with S. typhimurium. Histological examination showed that baicalin decreased the lesion in the caecum of S. typhimurium-infected mice. MICs and MBCs of baicalin, and oroxylin A. against S. typhimurium were > 128 µg/ml. MICs and MBCs of baicalein against S. typhimurium were 64 µg/ml, and > 128 µg/ml, respectively. Pretreatment of Caco-2 cells or S. typhimurium with baicalin, baicalein, and oroxylin A significantly inhibited the invasion of Caco-2 cells by S. typhimurium in a dose-dependent manner. Sub-MICs of baicalin, baicalein, and oroxylin A also significantly decreased the levels of TNFα, nitrate, and LDH from S. typhimurium-infected Caco-2 cells. Moreover, the transcription levels of sopB, sopE, and sopE2 were significantly suppressed by baicalin, baicalein, and oroxylin A. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that baicalin is a promising agent for the prevention of S. typhimurium infection via the modulation of both bacterial virulence and host response.

Rutin inhibits quorum sensing, biofilm formation and virulence genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli.

The study aimed to investigate whether rutin affects the quorum sensing (QS) of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). In this study, APEC-O78 was selected as the test strain. We mainly examined the effects of rutin on the AI-2 secretion by bioluminescence assay, biofilm formation through a crystal violet staining method, and expression of virulence genes of APEC by qRT-PCR. We found that rutin can significantly interfering with QS through reducing the secretion of AI-2, inhibited the biofilm formation, and reduced the expression of virulence genes of APEC. Moreover, rutin markedly decreased adhesion and damage of APEC to chicken type II pneumocytes. These results suggested rutin reduces cell damage of APEC-infected chicken type II pneumocytes through interfering with QS via decreasing AI-2 production, biofilm formation, and the expression of virulence genes. This paper may provide a new evidence for colibacillosis prevention in chicken.

Effect of scleral buckling with intravitreous gas injection for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and influence on serum amino acids and VEGF / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To study the clinical curative effect of scleral buckling (SB) combined with intravitreous gas injection in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and the influence on serum levels of amino acids and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).· METHODS:The clinical data of 150 RRD patients (150 eyes) in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.And 81 patients (81 eyes) treated with scleral buckling alone were included into the non-gas injection group while 69 patients (69 eyes) treated with scleral buckling combined with intravitreous gas injection were included in the gas injection group.The surgical effect,serum levels of amino acids and VEGF before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.· RESULTS:There was no significant difference in retinal reattachment rate between the two groups at different time points after surgery (P＞ 0.05).The intraocular pressure of gas injection group at 3d after surgery was significantly higher than that of non-gas injection group (P＜ 0.05) but there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between the two groups at 5d after surgery (P＞ 0.05).The uncorrected visual acuity of operative eye of the two groups was improved significantly after surgery (P＜ 0.05).Serum levels of histidine,glutamic acid,phenylalanine and VEGF levels in the two groups significantly decreased at 5d after surgery (P＜0.05),without significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in serum levels of arginine,leucine,isoleucine and glycine before and after treatment (P＞ 0.05).The total score of visual function related quality of life and scores of different dimensions significantly increased at 1mo after surgery (P＜0.05),without significant differences between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of postoperative complications between the gas injection group (7.2％,5/69) and the non-gas injection group (9.9％,8/81;P＞0.05).· CONCLUSION:Scleral buckling combined with intravitreous gas injection can help the early recovery of visual function and intraocular pressure in RRD patients,and reduce the levels of histidine,glutamic acid,phenylalanine and VEGF,and it has high safety.

In vitro antiviral efficacy of caffeic acid against canine distemper virus.

Canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious disease caused by the canine distemper virus (CDV), and mortality can be as high as 100%. However, there is no specific treatment for CD. In this study, the antiviral activity of the caffeic acid against CDV was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that the IC50 of the caffeic acid against CDV at 1 and 2 h post infection (PI) is 23.3 and 32.3 µg/mL, respectively. Consistently, at 1 and 2 h PI, the caffeic acid exhibited a reduced (23.3-57.0% and 37.2-38.1%) viral inhibitory effect in vero cells. Furthermore, the caffeic acid plus Ribavirin (RBV) has greater antiviral activity against CDV than the caffeic acid or RBV individually. In addition, the caffeic acid reduced the total viral RNA synthesis by 59-86% at 24-72 h. Therefore, our data provided the experimental evidence that the caffeic acid effectively inhibited CDV infection in vero cells, which may potentially be used to treat clinical disease associated with CDV infection.

Molecular mechanisms of Glanzmann thrombasthenia caused by alpha II b L721R and Q860X compound heterozygous mutation / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular mechanisms of Glanzmann thrombasthenia caused by alpha II b L721R and Q860X compound heterozygous mutation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All exons and exon-intron boundaries of alpha II b and beta3 gene were amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. Gene polymorphisms were excluded by direct DNA sequencing. Alpha II b L721R and Q860X mutants expressing vectors were constructed by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis. The expression of alpha II b L721R and Q860X mutants on transfected cell membrane were analyzed by flow cytometry and the whole expression level was confirmed by Western blot. The subcellular localizations of alpha II b L721R and Q860X mutants were determined by immunofluorescent confocal scanning microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The alpha II b compound heterozygous mutations, T2255G (L721R) and C2671T (Q860X), were identified in the proband, the former being inherited from the maternal side and the latter the paternal side. The 293T cells cotransfected with mutated alpha II b L721R and wild-type beta3 expression plasmids expressed 2.1% of normal amount of alpha II b on the cell surface as shown by FACS, in contrast to 31.9% of normal amount of alpha II b on the cells cotransfected with cDNAs of mutated alpha II b Q860X and wildtype beta3 expression plasmids. Western blot of the cell lysates showed no detectable mature alpha II b in cells lysates with L721R mutant. While, truncated alpha II b protein was detected in cell lystes with Q860X mutant. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that both L721R and Q860X mutant pro-alpha II bbeta33 complex colocalized in endoplasmic reticulum, but a little in Golgi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The L721R and Q860X mutations of alpha II b prevent transport of the pro-alpha II bbeta3 complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, hindering its maturation and surface expression. The impaired alpha II bbeta3 transport is responsible for the thrombasthenia.</p>