Circumcision Status and Risk of HIV Acquisition during Heterosexual Intercourse for Both Males and Females: A Meta-Analysis.

In this study, we evaluated if male circumcision was associated with lower HIV acquisition for HIV (-) males and HIV (-) females during normal sexual behavior. We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases to identify studies that compared HIV acquisition for the circumcised and uncircumcised groups. The reference lists of the included and excluded studies were also screened. Fifteen studies (4 RCTs and 11 prospective cohort studies) were included, and the related data were extracted and analyzed in a meta-analysis. Our study revealed strong evidence that male circumcision was associated with reduced HIV acquisition for HIV(-) males during sexual intercourse with females [pooled adjusted risk ratio (RR): 0.30, 95% CI 0.24 0.38, P < 0.00001] and provided a 70% protective effect. In contrast, no difference was detected in HIV acquisition for HIV (-) females between the circumcised and uncircumcised groups (pooled adjusted RR after sensitivity analysis: 0.68, 95%CI 0.40-1.15, P = 0.15). In conclusion, male circumcision could significantly protect males but not females from HIV acquisition at the population level. Male circumcision may serve as an additional approach toward HIV control, in conjunction with other strategies such as HIV counseling and testing, condom promotion, and so on.

[Bladder reconstruction using autologous bone marrow mesenchyaml stem cells-seeded bladder acellelar matrix graft in a canine model].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) seeded on bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) for bladder reconstruction in a canine model. METHODS: This study included 25 mongrel dogs. Five dogs were sacrificed for the preparation of BAMG. Twenty dogs were randomly divided into two groups and received partial cystectomy. In group A, the bladder defect was repaired with unseeded BAMG. In group B, the bladder defect was repaired with autologous BMSCs-seeded BAMG. The bladders were retrieved and studied histologically and immunohistochemically at the time point of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after surgery to evaluate tissue regeneration. RESULTS: All dogs survived the procedure. Histopathological examination in group B showed there was urothelium developed at the end of the 2 weeks. By 8 and 12 weeks all bladder wall components were regenerated in the repaired area, which were similar to normal bladder tissue. In group A, urothelium regeneration was observed at the end of the 4 weeks, whereas smooth muscle was still not well-formed by 12 weeks. CONCLUSION: Autologous BMSCs-seeded BAMG could promote the repair of bladder defect, which is superior to unseeded BAMG in regenerative properties.

[Rapid determination of ractopamine content in pork by using three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectrum coupled with APTLD].

In order to realize the rapid determination of ractopamine content in pork, quantitative determination model of ractopamine content in pork was established by using three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectrum coupled with alternating penalty trilinear decomposition (APTLD). Firstly, the generation mechanism of the fluorescence spectrum for ractopamine and three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectrum for samples were analyzed. Secondly, concentration quenching phenomenon of fluorescence of ractopamine in pork extract was investigated. Thirdly, the number of components for three linear decomposition of APTLD was set as 2 by using the core consistency diagnostic method, and the calibration curve of the relative fluorescence intensity of ractopamine between pork extract and the training sample was established for the correction of relative fluorescence intensity of prediction samples. Finally, three-dimensional synchronous fluorescence spectrum combined with APTLD was used to build the prediction model of ractopamine content in pork. The experimental results showed that the method adopted in the paper could better solve the problem of serious synchronous fluorescence spectrum overlapping between ractopamine in pork samples and backgrounds, and leave out some trivial process of chemical separation for the identification of ractopamine in pork. The determination coefficient (R2) and the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) for the model proposed in this paper were 0.986 3 and 0.496 6 mg x L(-1), respectively. The method in this paper has achieved the goal of rapid quantitative detection of ractopamine content in pork.

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic management method of Castleman's disease in the adrenal gland: two cases report and review of the literature.

PURPOSE: Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare and complex disease of lymphoid tissues typically involving a mediastinal mass. CD in the adrenal area is an even rarer occurrence. In the present study, two extremely rare cases of adrenal Castleman's disease at our hospital are reported, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Significant findings: A 51-year-old woman had abdominal pain for 1 month. Physical examination revealed a mass in the left abdominal. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of the mass. Additionally, a left suprarenal mass was detected in a 56-year-old male patient during a regular medical checkup. He had no symptoms when he arrived at our hospital. The two patients underwent mass excision via a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. Postoperative histopathological examination of both patients' specimens suggested a diagnosis of the hyaline vascular-type of CD. CONCLUSIONS: These two rare cases confirm that CD can occur in the adrenal gland area. In addition, we also demonstrate that retroperitoneoscopic surgical management is effective in the treatment of the disease.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney.

A 44-year-old woman who underwent radical nephrectomy due to a left renal mass presented to our clinic. Results of the histopathological examination showed a mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney, a rare benign lesion of the kidney. The epidemiology, histopathological features, imaging features, possible pathogeneses, and treatment alternatives are discussed, and the relevant literature is reviewed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was free of local recurrence or metastasis until the last follow-up (12 months).

[Rapid determination of tetracycline content in duck meat using particle swarm optimization algorithm and synchronous fluorescence spectrum].

Tetracycline under the condition of NaOH could be degraded to iso tetracycline which has strong fluorescent characteristic, and the prediction model of tetracycline contents in duck meat was developed with the combination of synchronous fluorescence spectrum, wavelet de-noising, particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and support vector regression (SVR), and it could realize the rapid prediction of tetracycline contents in duck meat and improve the accuracy of prediction model. In the process, 70 nm was selected as the optimum wavelength difference for the determination of tetracycline contents in duck meat by using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Secondly, the db6 wavelet with 2 levels decomposition was used to reduce the noise of synchronous fluorescence spectrum, and the spectrum after wavelet de-noising was normalized, and 6 characteristic wavelengths were selected by using PSO. Lastly, the SVR model parameters (c, g) were optimized by using PSO. Furthermore, the performances of the models of PSO-SVR, PLS and PCR under the spectral condition of characteristic wavelengths selected by using PSO, and PSO-SVR under the spectral condition of full spectrum were compared. The experimental results showed that the predictive ability of the model of PSO-SVR under the spectral condition of characteristic wavelengths selected by using PSO was strongest, and the correlation coefficient and the root mean squared error of prediction were 0.952 0 and 17.6 mg x kg(-1), respectively. This work proved that PSO could extract effectively the characteristic wavelengths of tetracycline in duck meat, and the model of PSO-SVR could satisfy the request of rapid determination of tetracycline contents in duck meat.

[Study on determination of carbaryl content in duck meat based on synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy].

For the rapid detection of carbaryl residue in duck meat, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was used, and GA combined with SVR was used to establish regression forecasting mode for the application of forecasting carbaryl residue in duck meat. Firstly, fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to get the 3D synchronous fluorescence spectra of carbaryl hydrolysate and duck solution containing carbaryl, and 140 nm was selected as the optimum wavelength difference delta lambda; Secondly, some concentration quenching was analysed. Finally, GA was used to optimize and choose the 3D synchronous fluorescence spectra. According to the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) 21 characteristic wavelengths were chosen, then the full wavelength and 21 characteristic wavelengths were used as input characteristic variables of SVR regression forecasting model respectively. At last the results showed that characteristic wavelengths chosen by GA can get better forecasting results, and the correlation coefficient of the prediction samples set and the root mean squared error (RMSEP) were 0.976 4 and 12.232 2, respectively. The results of experiments showed that the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy could be used to detect carbaryl residue in duck meat efficiently and rapidly when combined with GA-SVR.

Tamsulosin as adjunctive treatment after shockwave lithotripsy in patients with upper urinary tract stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin as an α(1)-blocker in the treatment of the renal and ureteral stones after shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relevant randomized controlled trials were identified by electronic and document searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Chinese Biomedical Disk and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until April 2010. No language restriction was applied. Trials were included if patients were randomized to receive either tamsulosin or standard therapy with or without placebo after SWL. The main outcome was the stone clearance rate. Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Meta-analysis was conducted with Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.0. RESULTS: Fifteen studies involving 1326 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Study duration ranged from 2 weeks to 3 months. The pooled analysis showed a 24% [risk ratio (RR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 1.37] improvement in stone clearance tamsulosin. According to stone locations (renal, upper ureteral and lower ureteral), the pooling effects of tamsulosin were analysed, with a higher expulsion rate obtained than control (RR = 1.38, 1.83, 1.43, and 95% CI 1.17 to 1.61, 1.20 to 2.78, 1.13 to 1.81, respectively). Tamsulosin 0.4 mg had a high possibility of achieving successful outcome (RR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.47). In addition, a shorter expulsion time, lower analgesic requirements, fewer colic episodes and adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Tamsulosin is a safe and effective therapy for renal and ureteral stones after SWL. Further, high-quality randomized trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy.