A Medically Assisted Model for Precise Segmentation of Osteosarcoma Nuclei on Pathological Images.

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor with a high degree of malignancy and misdiagnosis rates. Pathological images are crucial for its diagnosis. However, underdeveloped regions currently lack sufficient high-level pathologists, leading to uncertain diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Existing research on pathological image segmentation often neglects the differences in staining styles and lack of data, without considering medical backgrounds. To alleviate the difficulty in diagnosing osteosarcoma in underdeveloped areas, an intelligent assisted diagnosis and treatment scheme for osteosarcoma pathological images, ENMViT, is proposed. ENMViT utilizes KIN to achieve normalization of mismatched images with limited GPU resources and uses traditional data enhancement methods, such as cleaning, cropping, mosaic, Laplacian sharpening, and other techniques to alleviate the issue of insufficient data. A multi-path semantic segmentation network combining Transformer and CNN is used to segment images, and the degree of edge offset in the spatial domain is introduced into the loss function. Finally, noise is filtered according to the size of the connecting domain. This article experimented on more than 2000 osteosarcoma pathological images from Central South University. The experimental results demonstrate that this scheme performs well in each stage of the osteosarcoma pathological image processing, and the segmentation results' IoU index is 9.4% higher than the comparative models, demonstrating its significant value in the medical industry.

Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus strains isolated from dogs and cats in Northeast China.

This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus from dogs and cats in Northeast China and evaluate its zoonotic risk based on a total of 469 enterococci strains from 610 samples, including 238 strains of E. faecium and 128 strains of E. faecalis. The isolation rate from police dog samples was 93.79%, pet dog samples was 69.90% and pet cat samples was 76.67%. The differences in the prevalence of E. faecalis among different hosts were statistically significant (P<0.05). The assays showed that most of the virulence genes detected were existed in E. faecalis and police dogs carried the least number of virulence genes. The correlation between enterococcal surface protein (esp) and aggregation substance (asa1) was determined. Enterococci are most resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin, 68.92% of the isolates were classified as multiple drug resistant. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found between E. faecium and E. faecalis in the resistance rates of nine antimicrobials. Four positive and four negative correlations were found between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance. The results show that Enterococcus colonization and excretion in dogs and cats were related to animal species and living environments. Some correlation between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance was obtained. This study confirmed the presence of strains carrying multiple virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance at the same time, suggesting a public health risk for dogs and cats as reservoirs of enterococci.

Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Phylogenetic Relationships of Aeromonas spp. Carried by Migratory Birds in China.

This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and the genetic diversity of Aeromonas isolated from migratory birds from Guangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Jiangxi Province, and Inner Mongolia in China. A total of 810 samples were collected, including fresh feces, cloacal swabs, and throat swabs. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examination. The resistance to 21 antibiotics was evaluated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using concatenated gltA-groL-gyrB-metG-PPSA-recA sequences. Eight putative virulence factors were identified by PCR and sequencing, and a biofilm formation assay was performed using a modified microtiter plate method. In total, 176 Aeromonas isolates were isolated including A. sobria, A. hydrophila, A. veronii, and A. caviae. All isolates showed variable resistance against all 16 tested antibiotic discs, and only one antibiotic had no reference standard. Six kinds of virulence gene markers were discovered, and the detection rates were 46.0% (hlyA), 76.1% (aerA), 52.3% (alt), 4.5% (ast), 54.0% (fla), and 64.2% (lip). These strains were able to form biofilms with distinct magnitudes; 102 were weakly adherent, 14 were moderately adherent, 60 were non-adherent, and none were strongly adherent. Our results suggest that migratory birds carry highly virulent and multidrug-resistant Aeromonas and spread them around the world through migration, which is a potential threat to public health.