Efficiency evaluation and redundancy analysis on low carbon economic development in Guangdong Province.

Since 2020, China has been dedicated to the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" in the international community, demonstrating its commitment to energy conservation and emissions control. In 2021, in response to the guidance of the State Council, all provinces in China included the creation of a low-carbon economic system as one of their key development goals. This paper aims at investigating the low-carbon economic development efficiency and the redundancy of inefficient areas of Guangdong Province by using the three-stage DEA-Malmquist index model. Panel data of 21 cities from 2011 to 2020 in Guangdong Province were selected. Results revealed that the low-carbon economic development efficiency in the whole province rises, but the growth rate has slowed down in the past three years. Pearl River Delta area is better-developed in low-carbon economy than others. It is recommended to improve the efficiency of scale, make use of environmental advantages and develop energy-saving and emission reduction technologies.

Complementary Doped Source-Based Reconfigurable Schottky Diode as an Equivalence Logic Gate.

A complementary doped source-based reconfigurable Schottky diode (CDS-RSD) is proposed for the first time. Unlike other types of reconfigurable devices that have source and drain (S/D) regions with the same material, this has a complementary doped source region as well as a metal silicide drain region. Compared to three-terminal reconfigurable transistors, which have both the program gate and control gate, the proposed CDS-RSD does not have a control gate but only a program gate for reconfiguration operation. The drain electrode of the CDS-RSD is not only the output terminal of the current signal but also the input terminal of the voltage signal. Therefore, it is a reconfigurable diode based on high Schottky barriers for both the conduction band and valence band of silicon, which formed on the interface between the silicon and drain electrode. Therefore, the CDS-RSD can be regarded as the simplification of the reconfigurable field effect transistor structure on the premise of retaining the reconfigurable function. The simplified CDS-RSD is more suitable for the improvement of logic gate circuit integration. A brief manufacture process is also proposed. The device performance has been verified through device simulation. The performance of the CDS-RSD as a single-device two-input equivalence logic gate has also been investigated.

Protective efficacy evaluation of immunogenic protein AHA_3793 of Aeromonas hydrophila as vaccine candidate for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides.

Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative pathogen that can infect various fish, including largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which have caused huge economic losses. In present study, largemouth bass anti-A. hydrophila antibodies were produced, then a highly immunogenic outer membrane proteins, AHA_3793, was identified by combined western blotting and mass spectrometry analysis. Moreover, AHA_3793 was expressed, and its immunogenicity was further verified by western blotting. Subsequently, the protective efficacy of AHA_3793 were evaluated in largemouth bass. The results showed that rAHA_3793 could produce a relative percentage survival (RPS) of 61.76% for largemouth bass against A. hydrophila challenge. ELISA analysis showed the specific serum antibodies of largemouth bass against rAHA_3793 and A. hydrophila in vaccinated group in weeks 4 and 5 after immunization were significantly higher than those in control group, which suggested that rAHA_3793 induced production of specific serum antibodies against rAHA_3793 and A. hydrophila. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that expressions of CD4-2 and MHC IIα were also significantly up-regulated after immunization. These results collectively demonstrated that rAHA_3793 could induce a strong humoral immune response of largemouth bass, and then produce high immune protection effects against A. hydrophila infection.

The Protective Effect of Trichosanthes kirilowii Peel Polysaccharide on the Oxidative Damaged HepG2 and HUASMC Cells.

Background: Oxidative stress is an important cause of liver disease and atherosclerosis. Natural substances with antioxidant activity are good drugs for treating liver disease and atherosclerosis. Trichosanthes kirilowii Peel Polysaccharide (TKPP) can remove DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals in vitro, which shows antioxidant activity. Therefore, it is speculated that it can protect human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) and umbilical artery smooth muscle cell (HUASMC) against oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methods: Oxidative damage cell models of HepG2 and HUASMC were induced by H2O2. HepG2 and HUASMC were divided into blank group, H2O2 injury group, TKPP treatment group, and glutathione (GSH) positive control group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability. The level of total GSH and the amount of Nitric oxide (NO) secreted by cells were detected by specific kits. The gene and protein expressions of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western Blot. Results: In these two kinds of cells, compared with the control group, the survival rate, total GSH level, and NO secretion, CAT and SOD gene and protein expressions were significantly decreased in the H2O2 damaged group. In the TKPP treatment group, the cell survival rate was significantly elevated with the increase of the polysaccharide concentration, and the total GSH level, NO secretion, CAT and SOD gene expression, and protein expression levels were also significantly increased. Conclusion: TKPP can improve the activities of HepG2 and HUASMC cells damaged by H2O2 and protect the cellular antioxidant system.

Molecular cloning and binding analysis of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).

The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is an important molecule in the mucosal immunity of teleosts. Previous studies have shown that pIgR can bind and transport polymeric immunoglobulins (pIgs), but few studies have focused on the binding of teleost pIgR to bacteria. In this study, we identified a gene encoding pIgR in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The pIgR gene contained two Ig-like domains (ILDs), which were homologous to ILD1 and ILD5 of mammalian pIgR. Our results showed that largemouth bass pIgR-ILD could combine with IgM. Moreover, we also found that largemouth bass pIgR-ILD could bind to Aeromonas hydrophila and Micrococcus luteus. Further analysis showed that largemouth bass pIgR-ILD could also combine with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and various saccharides, and reduced binding to bacteria was observed with LPS and PGN treatment, indicating that largemouth bass pIgR could bind to bacteria to prevent infection and that saccharide binding is an important interaction mechanism between pIgR and bacteria. These results collectively demonstrated that largemouth bass pIgR not only combines with IgM but also binds to bacteria by various saccharides.