Visible-Light-Promoted Thiolation of Benzyl Chlorides with Thiosulfonates via a Photoactive Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex.

Visible-light-promoted thiolation of benzyl chlorides with thiosulfonates is disclosed via an electron donor-acceptor complex strategy. In addition to efficiently delivering a series of arylbenzylsulfide compounds, versatile thioglycosides were also successfully constructed by applying the metal- and photocatalyst-free protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a radical-radical coupling process was involved in this transformation.

Base-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 2-Nitrochalcones and Isocyanides to Access Pyrano[3,4-b]indol-1(9H)-one Frameworks.

An unexpected cascade reaction of 2-nitrochalcones with isocyanoacetates has been reported for the efficient synthesis of indole carboxylic esters and pyranoindoles. The conversion was achieved by KOH-catalyzed cyclization and elimination of the nitro group with final decarbonylation-aromatization. The method was used to synthesize a series of potentially biologically active indole derivatives (49 examples) in 67-85% yields under transition-metal-free catalytic conditions.

CfCpmd1 Regulates Pathogenicity and Sexual Development of Plus and Minus Strains in Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Glomerella Leaf Spot on Apple in China.

Colletotrichum fructicola is a devastating fungal pathogen of diverse plants. Sexually compatible plus and minus strains occur in the same ascus. However, the differentiation mechanism of plus and minus strains remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized a novel Cys2-His2-containing transcription factor CfCpmd1. The plus CfCpmd1 deletion mutant (Δ+CfCpmd1) resulted in slow hyphal growth and a fluffy cotton-like colony, and the minus deletion mutant (Δ-CfCpmd1) exhibited characters similar to the wild type (WT). Δ+CfCpmd1 led to defective perithecial formation, whereas Δ-CfCpmd1 produced more and smaller perithecia. The normal mating line was developed by pairing cultures of Δ-CfCpmd1 and plus WT, whereas a weak line was observed between Δ+CfCpmd1 and minus WT. Conidial production was completely abolished in both plus and minus mutants. When inoculated on non-wounded apple leaves with mycelial plugs, Δ-CfCpmd1 was nonpathogenic because of failure to develop conidia and appressoria, while Δ+CfCpmd1 could infect apple leaves by appressoria differentiated directly from hyphal tips, even though no conidia formed. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CfCpmd1 of C. fructicola is an important gene related to plus and minus strain differentiation, which also affects hyphal growth, sporulation, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity.

Effects of the mechanical response of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs on CO2 geological storage based on laboratory experiments and numerical simulations.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage (CGS) is an effective way for reducing greenhouse emissions. The injection of CO2 into the deep formation changes the pore pressure and effective stresses in the reservoir, thus leading to changes in stress-dependent porosity and permeability. These changes give feedback to the injection rate, migration, storage amount of CO2 in the target reservoir. In this study, we focus on the Liujiagou reservoir, one of the first demonstration CGS project in saline aquifers in the Ordos Basin, China. The mathematical model that defines the relationship between the permeability and the injection pressure (or effective stress) was obtained by laboratory experiments. On this basis, the permeability-stress law was successfully integrated into the thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupled simulator TOUGH2Biot to simulate the feedback between the flow and mechanical response. The improved simulator was used to analyze the effects of reservoir mechanical response on CO2 geological storage efficiency. The modeling results indicated that the mechanical response of the reservoir had little effect on reservoir pore pressure and porosity, but it had a significant effect on reservoir permeability and the migration distance, injection rate, and total storage amount of CO2. The maximum increases in the lateral migration distance of CO2 caused by the reservoir mechanical response reached 13.1% using 5 MPa injection pressure. In addition, the total CO2 storage amount increased by 11.6% after 5 years of continuous CO2 injection. Furthermore, when the injection pressure was greater, the reservoir mechanical response had stronger enhancement effects on CGS. Overall, the results suggested that the reservoir mechanical response during CO2 injection was beneficial for increasing CGS efficiency and emphasized the importance of considering the mechanical response in CGS.

[Adsorption dynamics and breakthrough characteristics based on the fluidization condition].

Few studies on the adsorption dynamics and breakthrough characteristics based on the fluidization condition have been reported. In a fluidized bed adsorption reactor with phenol as the adsorbate and granular activated carbon as the adsorbent, the adsorption efficiency, adsorption dynamic characteristics, adsorption breakthrough curves and adsorption capacities were studied and compared with those of a fixed bed operated under the same conditions. The results showed that the adsorption efficiencies exceeded 93% in 5 min in both the fluidized conditions and fixed conditions at the superficial velocities of 8 mm x s(-1) and 13 mm x s(-1). Meanwhile, the above adsorption reactions fitted to Pseudo-second-order with linear correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The adsorption capacity of fluidized conditions was 8.77 mg x g(-1) and 24.70 mg x g(-1) at the superficial velocities of 6 mm x s(-1) and 8 mm x s(-1). Generally, the fluidized bed reactor showed a higher adsorption efficiency and greater adsorption capacity than the fixed bed reactor.