RESUMO
Herein, Fe-doped CoP nanoparticles (Fe-CoP NPs) encapsulated in porous N-doped carbon (PNC)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been successfully synthesized. The Fe doping and confined structures resulted in enhanced charge transfer and improved active sites for intermediates adsorption. The obtained Fe-CoP@PNC/CNTs materials exhibited superefficient OER performance.
RESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Glabridin, extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., is widely used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and its ability to inhibit melanin synthesis. This led to the strict regulation of its quality and safety. However, traditional quality control methods used for plant extracts cannot reflect the product quality owing to multiple unknown impurities, which necessitates the further analysis of impurities. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study identified the toxic impurities of glabridin and their toxicological mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 10 glabridin samples from different sources were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Sample toxicities were evaluated using zebrafish and cell models. To identify impurities, samples with different toxicity were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The toxicity of related impurities was verified in the zebrafish model. Phalloidin stain was used to evaluate subtle changes in myofibril alignment. RESULTS: Although glabridin content in the samples was similar, there were significant differences in toxicity. The results were verified using four different mammalian cell lines. Higher contents of glabrone and glabrol were identified in the sample with the highest toxicity. In the zebrafish model, the addition of glabrol reduced the LC50 of glabridin to 9.224, 6.229, and 5.370 µM at 48, 72, and 96 h post-fertilization, respectively, whereas glabrone did not have any toxic effect. Phalloidin staining indicated that a glabrol impurity exacerbates the myotoxicity of glabridin in zebrafish embryos. CONCLUSION: Glabrol, but not glabrone, was identified as a key impurity that increased glabridin toxicity. This finding indicates that controlling glabrol content is necessary during glabridin product production.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/toxicidade , Glycyrrhiza/química , Isoflavonas/toxicidade , Miofibrilas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenóis/toxicidade , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Isoflavonas/química , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Miofibrilas/patologia , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Controle de Qualidade , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
As the core of an electrocatalyst, the active site is critical to determine its catalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, porous N-doped carbon-encapsulated CoP nanoparticles on both sides of graphene (CoP@NC/GR) are derived from a bimetallic metal-organic framework (MOF)@graphene oxide composite. Through active site engineering by tailoring the environment around CoP and engineering the structure, the HER activity of CoP@NC/GR heterostructures is significantly enhanced. Both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations manifest that the electronic structure of CoP can be modulated by the carbon matrix of NC/GR, resulting in electron redistribution and a reduction in the adsorption energy of hydrogen (ΔGH*) from -0.53 to 0.04 eV. By engineering the sandwich-like structure, active sites in CoP@NC/GR are further increased by optimizing the Zn/Co ratio in the bimetallic MOF. Benefiting from this active site engineering, the CoP@NC/GR electrocatalyst exhibits small overpotentials of 105 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4 (or 125 mV in 1 M KOH) to 10 mA cm-2, accelerated HER kinetics with a low Tafel slope of 47.5 mV dec-1, and remarkable structural and HER stability.
RESUMO
Twenty-six alkaloids, including the new taberines A-I (1-9), were obtained from Tabernaemontana corymbosa. The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated via MS, NMR, and ECD spectroscopic data analyses. Alkaloids 1-4 are new vobasinyl-ibogan alkaloids, and 1 is characterized by an unusual 1,3-oxazinane moiety. Alkaloids 4 and 16 exhibited moderate cytotoxic potency against various human cancer cell lines, while 4, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16 showed attenuation of lysosomal acidification activity (EC50: 12.9-29.8 µM), thereby inhibiting autophagic flux.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/química , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/farmacologia , Tabernaemontana/química , Ácidos , Dicroísmo Circular , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HeLa , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, tabervarines A (1) and B (2), along with seven known monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, were isolated from the methanol extract of the twigs and leaves of Tabernaemontana divaricata. The structures including the absolute configurations of the new alkaloids were elucidated based on MS, NMR, and ECD calculation. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the isolated alkaloids against several human cancer cell lines were also evaluated.
Assuntos
Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/química , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/isolamento & purificação , Tabernaemontana/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Folhas de Planta/química , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/farmacologia , Análise Espectral/métodosRESUMO
Nineteen vobasinyl-ibogan-type bisindole alkaloids, including nine new compounds, taburnaemines A-I (1-9), were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Tabernaemontana corymbosa. The structures and absolute configurations of the new alkaloids were determined by a combination of MS, NMR, and ECD analyses. Alkaloids 1-5 contain a rare 1,3-oxazinane moiety in the vobasinyl unit, while 6 has an uncommon 1,3-oxazolidine moiety in the iboga unit. The absolute configurations of alkaloid 1 and the known alkaloid tabernaecorymbosine A (10) were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the bisindole alkaloids, except 2 and 16'-decarbomethoxytabernaecorymbosine A (14), showed antiproliferative activity (IC50 2.6-9.8 µM) against several human cancer cell lines, including A-549, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, KB, and P-glycoprotein-overexpressing multidrug-resistant KB cells. The preliminary structure-activity relationship correlations are also discussed.
Assuntos
Alcaloides Indólicos/química , Tabernaemontana/química , Células A549 , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais/métodos , Humanos , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Células KB , Células MCF-7 , Folhas de Planta/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Two new indole alkaloids, winphyllines A (1) and B (4), along with four known alkaloids, Nb-demethylechitamine (2), 17-O-acetylnorechitamine (3), 12-methoxyechitamidine (5), and N(4)-demethylastogustine (6), were isolated from the methanol extract of the twigs of Alstonia rostrata. The structures of 1 and 4 were elucidated by means of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic methods. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the isolated alkaloids against several human cancer cell lines was evaluated.
Assuntos
Alstonia/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/química , Alcaloides de Triptamina e Secologanina/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Tabercorymines A (1) and B (2), two new vobasinyl-ibogan-type bisindole alkaloids with an unprecedented skeleton, were isolated from Tabernaemontana corymbosa. Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic data, chemical transformation, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD calculation. Compound 1 represents a novel bisindole alkaloid, characterized by a caged heteropentacyclic ring system incorporating an unprecedented C-7/C-20 bond in the vobasinyl unit. Alkaloids 1 and 2 showed potent antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines, including vincristine-resistant KB.
Assuntos
Tabernaemontana , Alcaloides , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
Four new Myrioneuron alkaloids, mysumamides A-D (1-4), along with three known ones were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Myrioneuron effusum. All of these alkaloids possessed the tetracyclic skeleton and contained the decahydroquinoline (cis-DHQ) moiety. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were also evaluated in vitro.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/química , Quinolinas/química , Rubiaceae/química , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Estrutura Molecular , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/química , Quinolinas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the data processing in training sets, the new principal components were then used as input data for support vector machine model. A prediction model for optimum pH of chitinase was established based on uniform design. When The regularized constant C, epsilon and Gamma were 10, 0.7 and 0.5 respectively, the calculated pHs fitted the reported optimum pHs of chitinase very well and the MAPEs (Mean Absolute Percent Error) was 3.76%. At the same time, the predicted pHs fitted the reported optimum pHs well and the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) was 0.42 pH unit. It was superior in fittings and predictions compared to the model based on back propagation (BP) neural network.