RESUMO
Leafhoppers have been identified as a serious threat to different plants. To explore the characteristics of mitogenomes and reveal the phylogenetic positions of two species in the Typhlocybinae, complete mitogenomes of Singapora shinshana and Seriana bacilla were sequenced and annotated for the first time with lengths of 15,402 bp and 15,383 bp, respectively. The two mitogenomes contained 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes. The genome content, gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage and amino acid composition are similar to those of other typical mitogenomes of Typhlocybinae. All 13 PCGs started with ATN codons, except for atp8 (TTA) and nad5 (TTG). All tRNAs were folded into a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for tRNA-Ser1 and tRNA-Val. Moreover, phylogenetic trees were constructed and analyzed based on all the PCGs from 42 mitogenomes using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results supported that eleven subfamilies are all monophyletic groups, S. shinshana and S. bacilla are members of Erythroneurini, but S. shinshana and the genus Empoascanara have a very close relationship with ((((Empoascanara sipra+ Empoascanara wengangensis) + Empoascanara dwalata) + Empoascanara gracilis) + S. shinshana), and S. bacilla is closely related to the genus Mitjaevia ((Mitjaevia dworakowskae + Mitjaevia shibingensis) + S. bacilla). These results provide valuable information for future study of evolutionary relationships in Typhlocybinae.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Hemípteros , Animais , Filogenia , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Hemípteros/genética , RNA de Transferência/genética , RNA de Transferência/químicaRESUMO
Background: The leafhopper genus Anufrievia was established by Dworakowska with A.rolikae Dworakowska as its type species. They are widely distributed in China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Nepal, India, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. New information: Two new species, A.ventricosa sp. nov. and A.unianxialis sp. nov., found in the karst area of Guanling and Shibing City, Guizhou Province, China are described and illustrated. The key to the identification of the specie of this genus is given.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The hemipteran insect family Cicadellidae (leafhoppers) includes >2,600 valid genera and >22,000 valid species worldwide, including >2,000 species in China. Typhlocybinae, second largest subfamilies of Cicadellidae, is widely distributed in the six major zoogeographic regions of the world, including >4,000 species worldwide and >1,000 species in China. Previously, morphological analysis are often effective to the way of taxonomy, but it did not combine with molecular biology. Therefore, morphology and mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two leafhopper species, Eupteryx (Eupteryx) minuscula Lindberg, 1929 and Eupteryx (Stacla) gracilirama Hou, Zhang & Huang, 2016 were studied and analyzed. This study analyzed the morphological and molecular characteristics of the two leafhoppers, and showed whether the results of the two identifications were consistent. METHODS: Based on the method of comparison, mitogenomes and morphology were analyzed to prove the relationship between the two leafhoppers. RESULTS: Although two focal species are classified in two different subgenera of the same genus, they still share many morphological features, such as the moderately produced crown fore margin; the milky yellow apical part of scutellum; the pronotum, basal triangles of scutellum, and forewing are dark with several colorless patches on the surface; the light yellow face, without any spots or stripes, and so on. The circular mitogenomes are 16,944 bp long in E. minuscula (GenBank: MN910279) and 17,173 bp long in E. gracilirama (GenBank: MT594485). All of the protein-coding genes are starting with ATN, except for some in mitogenome, which has a single T or TAN as a stop codon. All tRNAs have the typical cloverleaf-shaped structure except for trnS1 (AGN) (E. minuscula) which has a reduced DHU arm. Moreover, these two mitogenomes have trnR with an unpaired base in the acceptor stem. The phylogenetic relationships between E. minuscula and E. gracilirama in respect to related lineages were reconstructed using Maximum likelihood and Maximum parsimony analyses. DISCUSSION: The result showed that the tribe Typhlocybini is a sister to the tribes Erythroneurini and Empoascini, and five genera, Bolanusoides, Typhlocyba, Eupteryx, Zyginella and Limassolla are forming a single clade. E. minuscula and E. gracilirama are clustered together, supporting the monophyly of the genus Eupteryx. The above conclusions are consistent with the traditional classification of the subfamily.
RESUMO
An unusually dark typhlocybine leafhopper (Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Erythroneurini) from Guizhou Province, China, is described as a new genus and species, Shibinga gen. nov., and S. nigra sp. nov. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of the new species are provided.
RESUMO
Complete mitochondrial genome sequences facilitate species identification and analyses of phylogenetic relationships. However, the available data are limited to the diverse and widespread insect family Cicadellidae. This study analyzes and summarizes the complete mitochondrial genome structure characteristics of 11 leafhopper subfamilies and two newly sequenced Typhlocybinae species, Empoascanara wengangensis and E. gracilis. Moreover, using 13PCGs and rRNA data to analyze the nucleotide diversity, evolution rate, and the phylogenetic relationship between the subfamilies of 56 species, verifying the taxonomic status analysis of E. wengangensis and E. gracilis. The analysis results show that the genome structures of the subfamilies and the newly sequenced two species are very similar, and the size of the CR region is significantly related to the repeat unit. However, in the entire AT-skews and CG-skews, the AT-skews of other subfamilies are all positive, and CG-skews are negative, while Empoascini of Typhlocybinae and Ledrinae are the opposite. Furthermore, among 13PCGs, the AT-skews of 13 species are all negative while CG-skews are positive, which from Empoascini in Typhlocybinae, Idiocerinae, Cicadellinae, Ledrinae, and Evacanthinae. Phylogenetic analysis shows that ML and PB analysis produce almost consistent topologies between different data sets and models, and some relationships are highly supported and remain unchanged. Mileewinae is a monophyletic group and is a sister group with Typhlocybinae, and the sister group of Evacanthinae is Ledrinae + Cicadellinae. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the two newly sequenced species with other species of Typhlocybinae, which was separated from other subfamilies, and all Erythroneurini insects gathered together. However, E. gracilis grouped into a single group, not grouped with species of the same genus (Empoascanara). This result does not match the traditional classification, and other nuclear genes or transcriptome genes may be needed to verify the result. Nucleotide diversity analysis shows that nad4 and nad5 may be evaluated as potential DNA markers defining the Cicadellidae insect species.
Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Hemípteros/classificação , Hemípteros/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Evolução Biológica , DNA/genética , Hemípteros/fisiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of the leafhopper species Empoascanara dwalata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) was sequenced and annotated, and the sequence is available in the GenBank with accession number: MT350235. The circular mitogenome with 15,271 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one AT-rich region. The nucleotide composition is as follows: A (41.7%), T (34.7%), G (10.6%), and C (13.0%). 11 PCGs have ATN as the start codon, except for atp8 and nad5 genes have TTG. The conventional termination codons (TAA or TAG) occur in 11 PCGs, while cox2 and nad5 use incomplete codon (T--) as termination codon. Phylogenetic analysis using 13 PCGs showed that E. dwalata was clustered with three other Typhlocybine species, which was consistent with the conventional classification.
RESUMO
The complete mitochondrial genome of the leafhopper species Eupteryx (Stacla) minusula (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) are sequenced and annotated. The mitochondrial genome is 16945 bp, and nucleotide composition of the whole mitogenome is highly A + T biased (A: 43.6%; T: 35.2%, G: 11.3%, C: 9.9%). 11 PCGs have ATN as the start codon, except for atp8 and nad5 genes have TTG. The conventional termination codons (TAA or TAG) occur in 11 PCGs, while cox2 and nad5 uses incomplete codon (T) as termination codon. The complete mitogenome sequence of Eupteryx (Stacla) minusula is available in the GenBank with accession number: MN910279.
RESUMO
The complete mitogenome of Evacanthus acuminatus was described in this study. The circular molecule is 14,793 bp in length (GenBank accession no. MK948205), and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and an A + T-rich region. The base composition values were A (40.0%), C (11.2%), G (10.0%), and T (38.8%), with an A + T bias (78.8%). ATT, ATG, ATA, TTG were initiation codons and TAA, TAG, T were termination codons. Phylogenetic tree based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs shows that E. acuminatu and Idiocerinae clade form sister groups, and all species of different subfamilies congregate with each other, which is consistent with the traditional taxonomy.
