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Objective To assess the prevalence,demographic characteristics,risk factors and protective factors on major depression disorder(MDD)among the affected people in the epicenter,7 months after the 2008-earthquake in Wenchuan,China.Methods Stratified multistage cluster randomization was conducted to choose 14 503 subjects aged 15 years or over in the city of Dujiangyan,Beichuan county and Qingchuan county,Sichuan province.We used the general health questionnaire(GHQ-12)as the screening instrument,and the structured clinical interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR axis Ⅰ disorder-patient edition(SCID-Ⅰ/P)as the tool for diagnosis.Results There were 180 persons diagnosed as MDD with other 13 asymptomatic ones.The point prevalence of MDD was 1.27% and the lifetime prevalence was 1.36%.Risk factors were including:being female(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.136～ 2.143,P＜0.05),co-morbidity with somatic diseases(OR=4.02,95%CI:2.75-5.90,P＜0.05),wounded in the earthquake(OR=3.29,95%CI:1.92-5.65,P＜0.05),property loss up to 10 000-20 000 Yuan(OR=2.09,95%CI:1.18-3.69,P＜0.05),property loss up to＞20 000 Yuan(OR=2.54,95%CI:1.38-4.68,P＜0.05),death or missing of family members(OR=3.79,95%CI:2.08-6.89,P＜0.05)and in middle-age(OR=2.31,95%CI:1.38-3.86,P＜0.05)etc.Having had a job seemed to be a protective factor(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.43-0.83,P＜0.05).Conclusion Major depressive disorder appeared to be a common psychiatric disease in these quake-stricken areas,that causing serious problems.Sustained follow-up and care provided to the affected people in these areas were of extreme importance.
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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Molecular misreading of the ubiquitin B gene has been documented in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. This novel process consists of the unfaithful conversion of genomic information into aberrant transcripts and its subsequent translation into +1 proteins. METHODS: Because Mallory bodies (MBs) also contain ubiquitinated proteins, we stained 11 autopsied and 6 biopsied MB-containing livers from patients with steatohepatitis with an antibody to ubiquitin(+1) to look for the presence of mutant (ubiquitin(+1)) protein. Antibodies to wild-type ubiquitin were used to document the presence of MBs in all cases. RESULTS: Ubiquitin(+1) immunoreactivity was detected in all MB-containing livers with steatohepatitis; no ubiquitin(+1) immunoreactivity was found in 13 MB-free liver controls. A subpopulation (about one third of the MBs) of the MB-containing hepatocytes in autopsied livers showed ubiquitin(+1) immunoreactivity (i.e., ubiquitin and ubiquitin(+1) colocalized in MBs). MB-containing liver biopsy specimens showed colocalization of ubiquitin and ubiquitin(+1) in every MB. Western blot analysis showed an ubiquitin(+1) band of 11 kilodaltons. Molecular misreading of the ubiquitin B gene (DeltaGU) was shown in one of the livers, which contained numerous MBs using an expression cloning strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that molecular misreading of the ubiquitin B gene occurred in hepatocytes in virtually all of the MB-containing livers tested. Ubiquitin(+1) protein was only found within the MBs and therefore may act by interfering with the degradation of the MBs because ubiquitin(+1) may inhibit proteolytic function of the proteasome.
