Ultrashort and high-collimation X/γ-rays generated by nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering between off-axis electrons and circularly polarized intense laser pulses.

The properties of nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering (NITS) are investigated in the collision between a circularly polarized tightly focused intense laser pulse and a relativistic off-axis electron with numerical simulations. Due to the asymmetric effect of the laser field on the off-axis electrons, the electron trajectory is torqued to the off-axis direction, and the symmetry of the spatial radiation is also destroyed, which causes the concentrations of the radiation in the off-axis direction. With the increase of laser intensity, the torsion effect is more obvious, the radiation collimation improves, the direction turns to sideways. With the increase of electron's initial energy, the direction turns back to backwards and the degree of off-axis effect decreases. In both cases, the power exponentially enhances, the pulse width shortens, the spectrum broadens and super-continuity appears. With the laser intensity, the duration of sideways X-ray pulse from the low-energy (2.61MeV) electron is only 0.2 as, and the normalized intensity reaches 109. While using ultra-high-energy (100MeV) electrons, the duration of backwards γ-ray pulse reaches 1.22 zs, and the normalized intensity reaches 1017. These results help the understanding of nonlinear Thomson scattering and provide important numerical references for the research of NITS as high-quality X-ray and γ-ray sources.

Factors that impacted mobile-payment adoption in China during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is a potential paradigm for explaining technology adoption and can be applied to a wide range of scenarios. During the COVID-19 (C-19) outbreak in China, mobile-payment platforms (Mpayment) were used extensively in everyday life because they allowed people to avoid direct and indirect connections during transactions, adhere to social-distancing guidelines, and support social-economic stabilization. By exploring the technological and psychological variables that influenced user Mpayment-adoption intentions during the C-19 pandemic, this study broadens the literature on technology adoption in emergency circumstances and expands the UTAUT. A total of 593 complete samples were collected online, with SPSS used for data analysis. The empirical findings reveal that performance expectancy, trust, perceived security, and social influence all had a significant influence on Mpayment acceptance during the C-19 outbreak, with social distancing having the greatest impact, followed by fear of C-19. Interestingly, perceived-effort expectancy had a negative influence on payment acceptance. These findings suggest that future studies should apply the expanded model to different countries and areas to investigate the impact of the C-19 pandemic on Mpayment acceptance.

Systematic review of the research on rational drug use among the elderly in Chinese elderly care facilities / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of the research on rational drug use among the elderly population in Chinese elderly care facilities， and to provide ideas for future related research. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， CNKI， Wanfang database and VIP， relevant literature about the research on rational drug use among the elderly population in Chinese elderly care facilities were collected to evaluate the current status of research on the rational drug use among the elderly population in elderly care facilities. RESULTS A total of 14 cross-sectional studies were included. All included studies were completed before 2019 and focused on the eastern coastal areas of China. The AXIS quality scores of the included studies showed a mean score of 11.14±2.25， with six studies having a quality score ＞10. The 14 studies examined a total of 5 770 older adults in elderly care facilities， involving 181 elderly care facilities. Eight studies reported the type of chronic disease in the older adult population of the elderly care facilities； seven studies reported the type of medication used. Nine studies had medication compliance as an outcome， among which seven studies used different analytical methods to analyze the factors influencing medication compliance. The results showed that age， education， duration of illness， type of elderly care facilities， and level of staff attention had significant influence on medication compliance in the elderly population in the elderly care facilities. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient research related to rational drug use among the elderly population in the elderly care facilities in China， and there is a lack of interventional studies to assess the effectiveness of the rational drug use service in the elderly population in the elderly care facilities. Most of the current research is based on cross-sectional studies， focusing on medication compliance.

Discovery of novel covalent selective estrogen receptor degraders against endocrine-resistant breast cancer

Endocrine-resistance remains a major challenge in estrogen receptor α positive (ERα+) breast cancer (BC) treatment and constitutively active somatic mutations in ERα are a common mechanism. There is an urgent need to develop novel drugs with new mode of mechanism to fight endocrine-resistance. Given aberrant ERα activity, we herein report the identification of novel covalent selective estrogen receptor degraders (cSERDs) possessing the advantages of both covalent and degradation strategies. A highly potent cSERD 29c was identified with superior anti-proliferative activity than fulvestrant against a panel of ERα+ breast cancer cell lines including mutant ERα. Crystal structure of ERα‒ 29c complex alongside intact mass spectrometry revealed that 29c disrupted ERα protein homeostasis through covalent targeting C530 and strong hydrophobic interaction collied on H11, thus enforcing a unique antagonist conformation and driving the ERα degradation. These significant effects of the cSERD on ERα homeostasis, unlike typical ERα degraders that occur directly via long side chains perturbing the morphology of H12, demonstrating a distinct mechanism of action (MoA). In vivo, 29c showed potent antitumor activity in MCF-7 tumor xenograft models and low toxicity. This proof-of-principle study verifies that novel cSERDs offering new opportunities for the development of innovative therapies for endocrine-resistant BC.

Application of single cell sequencing technology in atherosclerosis research / 中华神经科杂志

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and it is also an important cause of stroke. However, the research on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still incomplete. Single cell technology, as an emerging technology in the study of differences in cell biology, has become a new tool and provides a new way of exploring the etiology of atherosclerosis. This article reviewed the research progress of single cell sequencing technology in atherosclerosis in recent years.

Case Report: A Review of the Literature on Spinal Intradural Hemangiopericytoma With Spinal Cord Infiltration and a Case Report.

Purpose: Primary spinal intradural hemangiopericytoma (HPC) with spinal cord infiltration is rare. The purposes of this study were to investigate the clinical features of intradural HPC with spinal cord infiltration and to explore the related factors affecting tumor recurrence. Methods: We report a case of intramedullary HPC with intramedullary infiltration of the thoracic spine. The relevant literature was searched for with PubMed, and clinical data were extracted from the included studies. Clinical patient data were described and statistically analyzed. Then, Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves were used to describe the relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients in different groups, and the log-rank test was used for evaluation. Results: A total of 11 cases of spinal intradural HPC with spinal cord infiltration were included (including the case described in this report). Further data analysis showed that sex (P = 0.249), age (P = 0.876), tumor location (P = 0.524), and postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.12) had no significant influence on RFS. The range of tumor resection (P = 0.004) and the WHO grade (P = 0.014) significantly affect the patient RFS. Conclusion: RFS was higher in patients with total tumor resection than in patients with subtotal tumor resection. The patients with lower WHO grade have better RFS. Total tumor resection is the primary objective of surgical treatment of spinal intradural HPC with spinal infiltration. Long-term postoperative follow-up is considered necessary.

Opinions on the corona virus disease 2019 / 重庆医学

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drawn much attention lately. It has the characteristics of hidden infection sources, diverse transmission channels, great differences in clinical characteristics and limited diagnostic methods. Additionally, the population is generally susceptible, and no specific medicines are available now, therefore, the prevention and control of the disease faces greater challenges. Mastering the characteristics of it for comprehensive prevention and control is the main strategy against the disease. This article systematically expounded the latest understanding of the disease.

Short-term outcomes of two different robotic approaches for patients with lung cancer: a propensity score-matched study / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective:To compare the short-term outcomes between robotic completely portal surgery and robotic-assisted surgery used for lung cancer treatment.Methods:Lung cancer patients treated with robotic surgery in our institution from October 2014 to August 2018 were enrolled. Baseline information and postoperative outcomes were collected. All patients were divided into two approaches and abbreviated as 3-armed utility incision assisted lung surgery(RAL-3) and 4-armed completely portal lung surgery(RPL-4). Short-term outcomes of two approaches were compared after propensity score-matched(PSM) analysis.Results:A total of 471 patients were included in this study: 252 patients underwent robotic-assisted surgery with a utility incision and 219 patients underwent robotic completely portal surgery. After propensity score-matched( PSM) analysis, each group included 159 cases. The comparison of the two groups showed that there were no significant differences in chest tube duration( P=0.307), postoperative hospital stays( P=0.829), analgesics use( P=0.789), the postoperative visual analogue pain score(VAS)( P>0.05), the SF-12 score( P>0.05) and complications( P=0.265). However, RPL-4 caused less blood loss(52.11 ml vs. 70.00 ml, P<0.001) and shorter surgical time of RPL-4(122.74 min vs. 153.16 min, P<0.001). Conclusion:RPL-4 showed relatively shorter operative time and less intraoperative blood loss than RAL-3. Both RAL-3 and RPL-4 are safe and feasible for patients with lung.

Intracranial multicentric astrocytoma:A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To report the clinical manifestations of 1 case of intracranial multicentric astrocytoma,and to provide a reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical data of one patient with intracranial multicentric astrocytomas were retrospectively analyzed and the diagnosis and treatment were summarized,and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:The patient was male,25 years old,and admitted to hospital due to the sudden convulsions 1 time 18 d ago.The head MRI scanning and enhanced scanning displayed that the left frontal lobe and corpus callosum knee exited the group of patchy mixed abnormal signals,and the left frontal temporal lobe exited the capsule-like mixed signals.Surgical treatment was performed,and the lesions of the left frontal lobe and corpus callosum knee and left frontal temporal lobe were resected.The difference of the two lesions was observed during the operation(the left frontal and corpus callosum knee lesion was cystic and solid mixed tissue,solid organization accounted for majority,and had internal calcification;the left frontal temporal lobe lesion was cystic and solid mixed tissue,and cystic tissue accounted for the majority).The postoperative pathology showed that the left frontal lobe and corpus callosum knee lesion had locally more intensive cells,and more different cells,and it was diagnosed as astrocytoma(WHO Ⅱ-Ⅲ);the left frontal temporal lobe lesion was diagnosed as astrocytoma(WHO Ⅱ).After operation,the patient recovered well,and it was recommended to continue radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Conclusion:For the patients with intracranial multicentric astrocytomas,active surgical treatment is in favor of prolonging the survival of the patients.Postoperative radiotherapy is still controversial,but chemotherapy should be recommended.

Pneumocephalus caused by congenital mastoid dysplasia:A case report and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of one patient with pneumocephalus caused by congenital mastoid dysplasia,and to clarify the clinical features,diagnostic methods and treatment strategies of intracranial accumulation of pneumocephalus.Methods:The patient with ineffective right upper limb activity accompanied stupid speech for 12 h was admitted to hospital.After admission,the head CT and MRI examination were performed again,and the patient was diagnosed as pneumocephalus.The paitent scheduled for stoma repair,neurotrophic treatment,infection prevention and other symptomatic treatments were performed after operation;the patient was instructed avoid cough forcefully,blowing nose,defecating and sneezing to increase the intracranial pressure.Results:Due to congenital dysplasia of mastoid wall,local thinning bones and intense swimming choking cough of the patient destroyed the intracranial pressure balance to form pneumocephalus,the patient scheduled for stoma and damaged dura repair;when discharged from hospital,the patient's right upper limb muscle strength and language function returned to normal;the head CT results showed that pneumocephalus disappeared completely.Conclusion;Pneumocephalus is common in clinic,and its reason is diversiform;it should be combined with the patient's history and imaging findings to explore the causes,the most reasonable treatment measures should be performed in order to relieve the patient's symptoms of increased intracranial pressure,and promote the recovery of neural function.

Primary intracranial chondrosarcoma:A report of 2 cases and literature review / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To analyze the clinical data of 2 patients with primary intracranial chondrosarcoma,and to improve its climical awareness and management. Methods:One patient admitted to the hospital because of his left eye with oculomotor palsy,and he was considered as craniopharyngioma before operation and received radiotherapy after operation.The other patient admitted to the hospital for the vision loss,and he was considered as chordoma and received subtotal resection.Results:Both two patients were confirmed as chondrosarcoma by postoperative pathological examination.One patient's clinical symptoms relieved after operation,and there was no obvious progress from the begining of follow-up to now;the other patient died of severe intracranial infection on the 10th day after operation.Conclusion:Primary intracranial chondrosarcoma is easy to be misdiagnosed before operation and needs to be confirmed by postoperative pathology. Operation is the first choice for its treatment, and the postoperative radiotherapy can achieve the good results.

Development and Application of Medical Order Management Module for Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Hos-pitalized Information System / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To promote the standardization and rationality of medical order for chemotherapeutic drugs,and im-prove its safety use in clinic. METHODS:Through developing the investigation of relevant status quo,the design factors and infor-mation that should be involved and considered of the medical order management module for chemotherapeutical drugs in hospital-ized information system(HIS)were determined. The reference standard chemotherapy regimen used in medical orders was put for-ward. The basic data was maintained and menu setting was conducted. Based on HIS,the function module of automatically import-ing patients'information,drug and program selection,warning were designed;the docking and effective application of medical or-der management module for chemotherapeutical drugs in hospital medical order management information system was achieved. Its application effects were evaluated by summarizing monthly irrational rate of medical orders within 2 years. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:The medical order management module for chemotherapeutical drugs developed in our hospital can achieve physician autho-rized management,automatically importing patient-related information,preservative chemotherapy regimen for easy entry and selec-tion. The irrational numbers of chemotherapy orders were decreased from 28 orders (1.15%) in prime (Jun. 2014) to 4 orders (0.14%)2 years later(Jun. 2016). Procedures of medical orders for chemotherapeutical drugs are standardized,initially realize in-formation management,improve input efficiency and accuracy of medical orders,which have provided protection and support for standardizing physicians'diagnosis and treatment behavior and avoiding the hospital risk,and promote correct,safe and rational use of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Progress of primary intracranial alveolar soft part sarcoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a kind of extremely rare malignant soft tissue sarcoma, which was first discovered and defined by American scholars in 1952. Its main manifestation is painless and slow growth mass, and distant metastasis often occurs in lung, bone, brain, liver with poor prognosis. In recent years, with the accumulation of the number of cases and the development of related technology, the diagnosis and treatment of ASPS have been improved greatly. However, the primary intracranial ASPS is still rare, this paper reviews the progress of primary intracranial ASPS, in order to provide help for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Effects of inhibiting NgR on retinal ganglion cells density and synaptophysin expression of diabetic rats / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting NgR on retinal ganglion cells density and synaptophysin expression of diabetic rat.Methods Thirty-two SD male rats were randomly divided into normal control group,diabetic group,siNgR group and scNgR group,8 rats in each group.Normal control group was given no any treatment.Diabetes model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg · kg-1 streptozotocin in diabetic group,siNgR group and scNgR group,and the blood giucose more than 16.7 mmol · L-1 at 72 hours was set as the successfully model.The rats of siNgR group were intravitreally administrated with anti-NgR nucleotide and the rats of scNgR group intravitreally administrated with negative nucleotide.Eight weeks later,HE staining was conducted to detect density of retinal ganglion cell (RGC),immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the expression and distribution of synaptophysin (a marker of synaptic number).Relative expression of NgR and synaptophysin in retina were analyzed by Western blot.Results RGC density in normal control group,diabetes group,siNgR group and scNgR group were (624.33 ± 3.51) mm-2,(420.00 ± 2.65) mm-2,(621.67 ± 1.53) mm-2,(416.67 ± 2.52) mm-2,respectively.There was significant difference among four groups (F =5985.37,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with normal control group,RGC density in diabetes group and scNgR group were obviously decreased (all P ＜0.01),but siNgR group had no obviously change (P ＞ 0.05).The synaptophysin mainly expressed in the inner and outer network layer.Compared with normal control group,the positive expression of synaptophysin in diabetes group and scNgR group were decreased,but siNgR group had no obviously change.The relative expression of NgR in normal control group,diabetes group,siNgR group and scNgR group were (11.26 ±0.02) ％,(19.38 ± 0.10) ％,(11.17 ± 0.02) ％,(19.47 ± 0.31) ％,respectively.There was significant difference among four groups (F =2466.09,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with normal control group,the relative expression of NgR in diabetes group and scNgR group were obviously decreased (all P ＜ 0.01),but siNgR group had no obviously change (P ＞0.05).The relative expression of synaptophysin in normal control group,diabetes group,siNgR group and scNgR group were (35.76 ± 0.15) ％,(25.47 ± 0.36) ％,(35.28 ± 0.12) ％,(25.03 ± 0.75) ％,respectively.There was significant difference among four groups (F =583.70,P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the normal control group,the expression of synaptophysin in diabetic group and scNgR group were decreased increased (all P ＜ 0.01),while there was no significant difference in siNgR group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Inhibiting the expression of NgR in the retina of diabetic rats can help to restore the number of synapses and protect the damaged RGC.

Prenatal diagnosis of ultrasound and MRI in the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To explore the clinical value of prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation. Methods The ultrasonographic characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging features of 17 fetuses who were diagnosed as the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation in Maternal and Child Heath Hospital of Hubei from January 2011 to December 2016 were compared. Results Fifteen cases of Galen aneurysmal malformation. Were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound during the third trimester. The sonographic feature was a hypoechogenic structure located in the middle line with arteriovenous fistula waveform in doppler analysis, and the cerebral venous sinus of all cases were dilated. Real time three dimensional power doppler can display the angioarchitecture and the communications between widened vascular sinus. MRI feature was the expansion of venous aneurysm located in the middle line, greater cerebral venous pool and quadrigeminal area and tortuous flow void vessels. Among 17 cases, 2 cases of Galen venous aneurysm malformation were misdiagnosed and 7 cases were diagnosed by MRI. There were 15 terminations and 2 neonatal died after birth. Conclusions Galen aneurysmal malformations have typical sonographic findings, and MRI can show neurologic development and impairment. Combined application of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging technology can more accurately and comprehensively observe the pathological features of Galen venous aneurysm malformation and diagnose the related complications early.

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote the proliferation of HepG-2 cells through interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel s (hUC-MSCs) can secrete a variety of factors involved in the regulation of tumor proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Probably, interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the most important inflammatory factors. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of hUC-MSCs on the proliferation and migration of HepG-2 hepatocyte carcinoma cel s via the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. METHODS:IL-6 expression levels in hUC-MSCs and HepG-2 cel s were determined by ELISA. STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression levels were determined by western blot assay. Transcription levels of PCNA, CyclinD1 and STAT3 genes were measured by RT-PCR. HepG-2 cel proliferation was analyzed by flow cytometry and cel counting kit-8 assays. The migration capacity of HepG-2 cel s was evaluated through a scratch test and Transwel assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The IL-6 level in the hUC-MSCs was significantly higher than that in the HepG-2 cel s (P<0.05). Both the hUC-MSC conditioned culture medium and IL-6 could be used for STAT3 activation. The addition of an IL-6 neutralizing antibody significantly weakened the activation of STAT3 in HepG-2 cel s by the hUC-MSCs-conditioned culture medium. In the presence of the IL-6 neutralizing antibody or the STAT3 inhibitor, AG490, the mRNA expression levels of HepG-2 proliferation-related genes (PCNA, CyclinD1 and Survivin) were significantly reduced. The proliferation and migration capacity of HepG-2 cel s were also significantly decreased by this treatment. Taken together, hUC-MSCs can secrete IL-6 to activate the STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the proliferation and migration of HepG-2 cel s.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori induced chronic atrophic gastritis with traditional Chinese medicine combined standard triple therapy and its mechanisms / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To treat the chronic non-atrophic gastritis patients induced by Helicobacter pylori with Qingweizhitong Weiwan combined with standard triple therapy,and to detect the differential expression of related immflammation genes with PCR array,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods: Ten patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis complicated with Helicobacter pylori infection were used as treatment group and 10 health people were used as health control group. The patients in treatment group were treated with Qingweizhitong Weiwan combined with standard triple therapy for 14 d. The blood samples of the subjects in treatment group and health control group were collected before and after treatment,and QIAGEN human antibacterial response PCR array was performed to test the total RNA inperipheral blood and to analyze the differential expressions of 84 inflammation-related genes.Results:The differential expressions of 20 inflammation-related genes were found.Compared with health control group,the expression levels of 20 genes in treatment group before treatment were up-regulated (Fold-change>2);after treatment,the expression levels of 20 genes were down-regulated,and 11 of them were similar to the level in health control group (Fold-change< 2).More specifically,part of 20 genes was related to NLRP3 inflammasome.Compared with health control group,the gene expression levels of CASP1,IL1B,NLRP3,and PYCARD in treatment group before treatment were up-regulated (P <0.05).Compared with before treatment,the expression levels of CASP1,IL1B,NLRP3,and PYCARD in treatment group after treatment were down-regulated (P <0.05).Conclusion:The mechanism of Qingweizhitong Weiwan combined with standard triple therapy in the treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis patients induced by Helicobacter pylori may be related to inhibiting the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and interfering the antimicrobial innate immune response.

Study on correlation between VEGF level and malignant pleural effusion / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective Methods To explore the value of VEGF levels in serum and pleural effusion for diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors, and evaluate clinical value of VEGF-A, C, D in malignant pleural effusion.Methods Serum and pleural effusion of 34 cases patients with lung cancer were collected in our hospital, the application of ELISA method for the detection of VEGF level in serum and pleural effusion in patients with lung cancer and with benign pleural effusion.VEGF-A, C, D levels were detected.Results VEGF levels in serum and pleural effusion in malignant group were significantly higher than those in benign group(P<0.05).In addition, patients with lung cancer before initial treatment, the VEGF levels in serum and pleural effusion of distant metastasis group were significantly higher than those of without distant metastasis group(P<0.05).There was a correlation between the level of VEGF and the malignant pleural effusion(r=0.878, P<0.05).No correlation existed between VEGF level and benign pleural effusion.The content of sVEGF-A in serum had no statistical difference in cancer group and benign group.Effusion supernatants of pVEGF-A content in lung cancer group were higher than those in benign effusion group(P<0.05).pVEGF-A and sVEGF-A levels were similar in benign effusion group. Effusion supernatants pVEGF-A in malignant group was higher than that in benign effusion group(P<0.05).pVEGF-A was significantly higher than that of sVEGF-A in malignant effusion(P<0.05).Serum VEGF-C, VEGF-D content had no significant difference between cancer group and benign group. pVEGF-C, pVEGF-D content had no significant difference between cancer group and benign group.Conclusion Level of VEGF in serum and pleural effusion detection would help to diagnose and differentially diagnose benign and malignant pleural effusion.Effusion VEGF-A is different in benign and malignant effusion, which may become benign and malignant effusion tumor markers.

Application Progress in CFTR Inhibitors in the Treatment of Secretory Diarrhea / 中国药师

Secretory diarrhea provides a major health challenge worldwide, which is one of the most important reasons for children morbidity and death. The activation of Cl- channels in intestinal epithelial cells resulting in the excessive fluid secretion in the intestine is the main reason of diarrhea caused by enterotoxins. In diarrhea caused by cholera and the other bacterial enterotoxins, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR) is the main cAMP-control Cl- channel to promote the fluid secretion in epithelial cells. Therefore, CFTR inhibitors are the new choices for secretory diarrhea. CFTR inhibitors include thiazolidinone, glycine hydrazide and quinoxalinedione chemical classes, and some components from natural plants also exhibit CFTR inhibition activity, however, further studies should be done.

Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on expression of high mobility group box 1 protein in rats with acute liver failure / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation on expression of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in rats with acute liver failure (ALF).Method SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group,ALF group and BMSCs transplantation group.Specimens were harvested in each group at 12 h,24 h and 72 h after ALF induction.Serum ALT and AST concentrations were determined,liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining,serum HMGB1 concentration detected by ELISA,and HMGB1 mRNA and protein in liver tissues examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively.Result The ALF models were successfully induced by D-GalN (900 rng/kg) and LPS (10 μg/kg) injection.Serum levels of ALT and AST in the ALF group were gradually increased with progression of the disease.As compared with the ALF group,significant improvement of liver function parameters and histological findings was observed in the transplantation group 72 h after transplantation (P＜0.01).The serum HMGB1 concentrations,the HMGB1 mRNA expression and the HMGB1 protein expression in liver tissue of control group were lowered at all time points,and they increased with time in the ALF group.After BMSCs transplantation,the serum HMGB1 concentrations,the HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression decreased with time.All the differences between ALF group and BMSCs transplantation group at 24 h and 72 h after transplantation were statistically significant (P＜0.01).At 24th h after transplantation,mortality rates of control group,ALF group,BMSC transplantation group were 0 (0/24),33.3％ (8/24) and 16.7％ (4/24) respectively with the difference being statistically significant (x2 =21.098,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion BMSCs transplantation can improve the liver function and pathological changes in rats with ALF,and decrease the expression of HMGB1.