Amelioration of Cholesterol Rich diet-induced Impaired Cognition in AD Transgenic Mice by an LXR Agonist TO901317 Is Associated with the Activation of the LXR-ß-RXR-α-ABCA1 Transmembrane Transport System and Improving the Composition of Lipid Raft.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that LXR agonist can inhibit Aß generation and alleviate Aß-induced various adverse reactions in vivo and in vitro experiments, but the mechanisms have not been clarified. The study aimed to observe the effect of LXR agonist TO901317 on the cognitive function of AD transgenic mice fed with cholesterol-rich diet (CRD), and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods: 32 male 6-month-old double transgenic AD mice were enrolled and randomly divided into 4 groups: control (normal diet) group, CRD treatment group, TO901317 treatment group and GSK2033 treatment group. After 3 month, Morris water maze was for the changes of spatial exploration and memory ability; ELISA was for detecting the production of Aß42 in the brain; the concentration of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum were detected by cholesterol enzyme colorimetry; Finally, the expression of LXR-ß, RXR-α, ABCA1, caveolin-1, BACE1 and APP at protein level in the brains was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the learning, memory ability and spatial exploration ability of the mice were more significantly serious in the CRD group (P<0.05); The contents of TC and LDL in the serum and the production of Aß42 in the brains were significantly increased (P<0.05), but HDL was remarkably decreased (P<0.05); The protein levels of LXR-ß, RXR-α and ABCA1 were also significantly decreased (P<0.05); The expression of caveolin-1, APP and BACE1 were evidently increased (P<0.05). However, after treatment with TO901317, the impaired learning and memory and spatial exploration ability of the mice were significantly improved (P<0.05); The contents of TC and LDL in serum and the production of Aß42 in the brains were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but HLD was increased (P<0.05); The protein levels of LXR-ß, RXR-α, ABCA1were all significantly increased (P<0.05), while, the expression of caveolin-1, APP and BACE1 were all significantly decreased (P<0.05). All the changes were reversed by GSK2033 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TO901317 attenuated the more serious impairment of spatial exploration, learning and memory in transgenic AD mice induced by CRD, and the mechanism may be that TO901317 could activate the LXR-ß/RXR-α/ABCA1 transmembrane transport system, promote the cholesterol efflux, and decreased caveolin-1, APP and BACE1, further reduce Aß42 in the brains.

the sixth vital sign in foreign countries:a review / 中国实用护理杂志

The purpose of this paper is to know about the review for the Sixth Vital Sign and evaluation tools in foreign countries, and to explore the important role on patients′ basic physiological state, clinical treatment and diagnosis when the different indicators as the sixth vital signs, as to better serve individual and medical services.

Research progress in the application of next-generation sequencing in forensic genetics / 中国法医学杂志

DNA typing of biological samples is an important step in performing individual identification and paternity testing in forensic applications. In practice, the detection of complex biological samples and the identification of complex kinships are challenging current biological technologies. Novel DNA technologies are also introduced into forensic genetics to improve the power of analysis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has several advantages, such as high-throughput and low cost, and can obtain detailed DNA sequences and relative contents of targeted regions, which will improve the detection of biological samples to help the analysis of forensic cases. The application of NGS in forensic genetics has received extensive attention and reports on the application of NGS in forensic genetics are increasing. In this study, we summarized the progress in the application research of NGS in the forensic genetics including the detection of genetic markers and their analytical methods. This will provide guides for related studies and forensic applications.

Evaluation of the Effect of Special Rectification on the Rational Use of Antibiotics and Relieving Bacterial Re-sistance in Our Hospital / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of special rectification on the rational use of antibiotics and relieving bacterial resistance. METHODS:It was divided into groups based on the before and after 3 years of special rectification. The data of related index and bacterial resistance of antibiotics in the clinical use in 2 groups were compared. RESULTS:After special rectification, the use rate of antibiotics in inpatients was decreased from 77%to 55%,use intensity was decreased from 86 DDDs/(100 person· d) to 39 DDDs/(100 person·d),the prophylactic use rate of antibiotics for typeⅠincision surgery was decreased from 98% to 27%,the antibiotics prescriptions of patients in outpatient and emergency departments were respectively decreased from 36% to 12% and 49% to 23%. The submission rate of microbiological testing specimens was increased from 20.2% to 38.8%,submission rate of sterile site specimens was increased from 29.8% to 37.6%. The detection rate of fungus was decreased from 14.4% to 11.2%. The detection rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β- lactamases (ESBLs) strains were respectively decreased from 57.3% to 51.3% and 43.2% to 36.1%. The total detection rate of top 5 multi-drug resis-tant bacteria was decreased from 48.4% to 29.3%,however,the detection rate of Acinetobacter baumannii was increased to 80.7%,and the resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem and meropenem were respectively 66.9% and 69.1%. There was an increasing trend for Klebsiella pneumoniae to 1,2 and 3-generation cephalosporins,piperacillin amoxicillin/tazobac-tam,imipenem,meropenem. CONCLUSIONS:Special rectification of antibiotics has obvious effect on the rational use of antibiot-ics and relieving bacterial resistance in the clinic,and it improves the management of clinical use of antibiotics in hospital. Howev-er,bacterial resistance situation is still grim,it needs to establish a long-term management mechanism of clinical use of antibiotics, strengthen the monitoring pathologic examination and monitoring of bacterial resistance,and strictly perform hand hygiene and dis-infection and isolation system.

Application of the quantization table of nursing practice risk in clinical teaching of nursing students / 中国实用护理杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the application effect of the quantization table of nursing practice risk in clinical teaching of nursing students. MethodsThe quantization table of nursing practice risk was designed.106 intemships were selected as the control group in our hospital from June 2008 to April 2009,the original nursing practice risk management measures were implemented in the control group.105 internships from June 2009 to April 2010 were set as the observation group,the quantization table of nursing practice risk was applied in this group.The risk awareness,nursing defects and other indices were compared between the two groups. ResultsThe risk awareness,operation assessment,percentage of nursing defects and blood- borne occupational exposure were significantly better than the control group. ConclusionsApplication of the quantization table can improve the risk awareness of nursing students and teaching quality,and safeguard nursing safety.

Effects of triptolide-medicated serum on secretion function of adrenocortical cells isolated from rats / 中西医结合学报

Objective: To study the effects of triptolide-medicated serum on secretory function of adrenocortical cells isolated from rats. Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, prednisone group, and low-, medium- and high-dose triptolide groups. Rats were administered with normal saline, prednisone and low-, medium- and high-dose triptolide respectively by gastrogavage to prepare sera containing drugs. Primary adrenocortical cells were isolated from normal male rats and cultured with sera containing drug for 48 hours. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was observed by immunohistochemical method and number of PCNA-positive cells was counted. Ultrastructure of adrenocortical cells was observed under a transmission electron microscope. Content of corticosterone in supernatant of adrenocortical cell culture was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to investigate the expression of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) mRNA. Results: As compared with the control group, content of corticosterone in supernatant of adrenocortical cell culture and expression of 3beta-HSD mRNA were significantly increased in the triptolide-treated groups, and the numbers of PCNA-positive cells were increased in the medium- and high-dose triptolide groups, however, they were decreased in the prednisone group. Conclusion: Triptolide-medicated serum can increase the secretion of corticosterone in rat adrenocortical cells in vitro.

A Clinical Study on the Serum Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol of Patients with Vascular Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To explore the change and clinical significance of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol of patients with Vascular dementia (VD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods 54 cases of VD and 78 cases of AD were examined. 50 cases of healthy adult were enrolled as the control group. Results The serum triglyceride [(1.98?0.98) mmol/L, (12.13?1.0) mmol/L] in VD patients and total cholesterol [(6.52?1.42 mmol/L, (6.36?1.15) mmol/L] in AD patients were significantly higher than those of the control group [(1.32?0.88) mmol/L,(5.45?0.93) mmol/L](P0.05). Conclusion The serum triglyceride and total cholesterol of patients with VD and AD were much higher than those of normal healthy persons. It is conducive to lower the triglyceride and total cholesterol for the prevention and treatment of these two diseases.