Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between bovine serum albumin and fluoresceinamine.

Physical binding-mediated organic dye direct-labelling of proteins could be a promising technology for bio-nanomedical applications. Upon binding, it was found that fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurred between donor bovine serum albumin (BSA; an amphiphilic protein) and acceptor fluoresceinamine (FA; a hydrophobic fluorophore), which could explain fluorescence quenching found for BSA. FRET efficiency and the distance between FA and BSA tryptophan residues were determined to 17% and 2.29 nm, respectively. Using a spectroscopic superimposition method, the saturated number of FAs that bound to BSA was determined as eight to give a complex formula of FA8-BSA. Finally, molecular docking between BSA and FA was conducted, and conformational change that occurred in BSA upon binding to FA molecules was also studied by three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy.

Understanding the Robust Physisorption between Bovine Serum Albumin and Amphiphilic Polymer Coated Nanoparticles.

The robust physisorption between nanoparticles (NPs) and proteins has attracted increasing attention due to the significance for both conjugation techniques and protein's corona formation at the bionano interface. In the present study, we first explored the possible binding sites of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) on amphiphilic polymer coated gold nanoparticles (AP-AuNPs). By using mass spectrometry, a 105-amino-acid peptide (12.2 kDa) is discovered as the possible "epitope" responsible for the robust physisorption between BSA and AP-AuNPs. Second, with the help of nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) theory, we further found that the epitope peptide could insert at least 2.9 nm into the organic molecular layers of AP-AuNPs when the robust conjugates formed, which indicates how such a long epitope peptide can be accommodated by AP-AuNPs and resist protease's digestion. These findings might shed light on a new strategy for studying interactions between proteins and NPs, and further guide the rational design of NPs for safe and effective biomedical applications.

A fluorimetric study on the interaction between a Trp-containing beta-strand peptide and amphiphilic polymer-coated gold nanoparticles.

Owing to the inevitability of nanoparticles encountering proteins/peptides in current bio-nano-medicine development, it is important to know how they interact with each other in vitro before developing in vivo applications. To this end, a model de novo ß-sheet-forming peptide and typical biocompatible nanoparticles were selected to study thermodynamic aspects of their interactions via a fluorescence quenching method. The results showed that Pep11 and AuNPs spontaneously formed conjugates, mainly driven by a coulombic interaction with a binding affinity of ~ 0.1 µM(-1); the physical adsorption process was cooperative. These results deepen our quantitative understanding of nanoparticle-peptide interactions. The results may also be helpful in further nanoparticle-peptide hybrid nanofabrication and also useful for the application of nanoparticles in the treatment of amyloid diseases.

Large scale anomalous patterns of muscovite mica discovered by atomic force microscopy.

Muscovite mica is a widely used substrate because of its flatness. The large scale anomalous patterns of muscovite have been discovered by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These patterns distribute around the defects of the muscovite surface. By using different imaging modes and analyzing functions of AFM, these extraordinary patterns are thoroughly characterized, and it was revealed that some selected regularly aligned patterns mimic 2-D orthorhombic crystal systems surrounding the regular structure. However, such patterned nanostructures have no effects on the template-assisted self-assembly (or epitaxial growth) of a disease-related peptide GAV-9.