Application of Mental Rotation Test in Motor Imagery Ability Assessment for Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To study the judgment strategies of stroke patients facing different visual stimulus and the main factors affecting the mental rotation test results. Methods:From May to October, 2018, 15 stroke patients and 15 age-sex-education-matched healthy controls accepted standard software-based mental rotation tests with four kinds of visual stimulus: hand back, hand palm, Chinese characters and alphabets. Reaction time and response accuracy were recorded. All the subjects were assessed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the patients were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) additionally. Results:When hand back, hand palm and alphabets worked as visual stimulus, the response accuracy was less in the patients than in the controls (F > 7.027, P < 0.05). For all the tests, the reaction time was more in the patients than in the controls (F > 14.827, P < 0.001). The main effect of rotation angle was significant to reaction time when picture of hands as visual stimulus (F > 7.747, P < 0.001), while it was the least at 0°. The MoCA scores negatively correlated with reaction time in both groups (r < -0.375, P < 0.05), as well as the FMA-UE scores in the patients (r < -0.581, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Different types of visual stimulus may affect the judgment strategies and results of mental rotation test. Motor imagery ability is impaired for stroke patients, however, the basic reaction model maintains somehow.

Intranasal Immunization Using CTA1-DD as a Mucosal Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of intranasal immunization with CTA1-DD as mucosal adjuvant combined with H3N2 split vaccine.@*METHODS@#Mice were immunized intranasally with PBS (negative control), or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) alone, or CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse) alone, or H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) plus CTA1-DD (5 μg/mouse). Positive control mice were immunized intramuscularly with H3N2 split vaccine (3 μg/mouse) and alum adjuvant. All the mice were immunized twice, two weeks apart. Then sera and mucosal lavages were collected. The specific HI titers, IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG subtypes were examined by ELISA. IFN-γ and IL-4 were test by ELISpot. In addition, two weeks after the last immunization, surivival after H3N2 virus lethal challenge was measured.@*RESULTS@#H3N2 split vaccine formulated with CTA1-DD could elicit higher IgM, IgG and hemagglutination inhibition titers in sera. Furthermore, using CTA1-DD as adjuvant significantly improved mucosal secretory IgA titers in bronchoalveolar lavages and vaginal lavages. Meanwhile this mucosal adjuvant could enhance Th-1-type responses and induce protective hemagglutination inhibition titers. Notably, the addition of CTA1-DD to split vaccine provided 100% protection against lethal infection by the H3N2 virus.@*CONCLUSION@#CTA1-DD could promote mucosal, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which supports the further development of CTA1-DD as a mucosal adjuvant for mucosal vaccines.

Perioperative hidden blood loss in unilateral total knee arthroplasty: problems and characteristics / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The hidden blood loss is the main reason for anemia after knee arthroplasty, which will delay wound healing, increase infection, prolong rehabilitation time, improve the cost of medicine, and seriously affect clinical outcome. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the new conceptions and methods about decreasing perioperative hidden blood loss of knee arthroplasty, and to provide help for the prevention of hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We retrieved CNKI and PubMed for articles concerning perioperative hidden blood loss following total knee arthroplasty published from January 2005 to February 2017. We choose different controlled clinical trials about the method of preventing hidden blood loss. Key words were "knee arthroplasty, hidden blood loss, artificial joint". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Hidden blood loss during total knee arthroplasty was associated with many factors. (2) The following factors might reduce hidden blood loss: using the tranexamic acid, reducing the duration of tourniquet, raising the operated knee in a certain extent after operation, and gauging imaging data of the affected knee exactly before operation. (3) Free fatty acids were also responsible for the hidden blood loss. (4) Computer assisted surgery could not reduce the quantity of hidden blood loss, but help patient recovery. (5) The scholars have not reach an agreement about hidden blood loss in total knee arthroplasty, so the research will go continue.

Mechanism of gambogenic acid in resisting angiogenesis of lung cancer in vitro / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to observe the effect of gambogenic acid on angiogenesis of lung cancer and its preliminary mechanism. After culturing lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, the conditioned medium was treated with gambogenic acid and then used to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish the indirect contact cell co-culture system. A two-dimensional culture model of HUVEC was established with matrigel to observe the effect of gambogenic acid on angiogenesis. DAPI staining was used to observe the morphological changes in HUVEC cells after treatment with gambogenic acid under the fluorescence microscope. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine gambogenic acid's effect on HUVEC cell apoptosis rate. The protein expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt were measured by Western blot. PTEN-siRNA was transfected into cells, and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of PI3K and Akt genes. Gambogenic acid can significantly inhibit angiogenesis, and its inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. DAPI staining showed apoptotic morphological features of HUVEC cells under fluorescence microscope. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that gambogenic acid induced apoptosis in HUVECs. The results of Western blot showed that the expressions of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein were down-regulated with gambogenic acid, while the expressions of PI3K and Akt protein was insignificant. The results of RT-PCR indicated that the expressions of PI3K and Akt protein were up-regulated by PTEN siRNA. Gambogenic acid can inhibit angiogenesis in lung cancer in vitro, and the mechanism of inhibiting angiogenesis may be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Successful treatment with biventricular pacing in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

We report the effects of biventricular pacing in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) refractory to medical therapy. A 58-year-old man with HOCM had suffered from dyspnea, chest pain and palpitation for 5 years. Cardiac catheterization showed a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient of 80 mmHg. He refused septal myomectomy and the septal ablation was not available. Based on intraoperative pressure measurements, he was implanted with biventricular pacing and LVOT gradient decreased to 10 mmHg. During the follow-up period of 6 months, the patient's symptoms were markedly improved. Biventricular pacing may be an alternative therapy for patients with HOCM.

Efficacy of minimally invasive left ventricular epicardial lead placement for cardiac resynchronization therapy / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Ventricular resynchronization might be achieved via minimally invasive left ventricular epicardial lead placement.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Six patients with congestive heart failure underwent minimally invasive left ventricular epicardial lead placement after failed coronary sinus cannulation were followed up for 1 year, cardiac function and LV lead threshold were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no in-hospital deaths, intraoperative complications and diaphragm stimulation. Correct lead positioning was achieved in all 6 patients. LV lead thresholds remained unchanged [(1.2 ± 0.5) V vs (1.1 ± 0.4) V, P = 0.68] at 12 months follow-up. Improvements on 6 min walking test [(327 ± 77) m vs (267 ± 68) m, P = 0.001], LVEF [(26.1 ± 6.0)% vs (38.2 ± 4.7)%, P = 0.004], and NYHA functional class were evidenced at 12 months follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Minimally invasive left ventricular epicardial lead placement is a safe and reliable technique and should be considered as an alternative option in case of difficult coronary venous anatomy and inability to position the lead for resynchronization therapy.</p>

Electrophysiological characterization and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation of focal atrial tachycardia originating from the left atrial appendage / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the electrophysiological characteristics and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) of focal atrial tachycardia (AT) originating from the left atrial appendage (LAA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Electrophysiologic study and RFA were performed in 9 patients (4 female) with focal AT originating from the LAA. Atrial appendage angiography was performed to identify the origin of AT. P waves were classified as negative, positive, isoelectric, or biphasic.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age was (21 +/- 9) years. AT occurred spontaneously or was induced by isoproterenol infusion rather than programmed extrastimulation and burst atrial pacing. A characteristic P-wave morphology and endocardial activation pattern were observed. Positive P-wave in inferior leads was seen in all patients, upright or biphasic (+/-) component P wave was observed in lead V1, isoelectric component or an upright component P wave with low amplitude ( < 0.1 mV) was seen in lead V2-V6. Earliest endocardial activity occurred at the distal coronary sinus (CS) in all patients. The earliest endocardial activation at the successful RFA site occurred (36.7 +/- 7.9) ms before the onset of P wave. RFA was successful in all 9 patients immediately post procedure. AT reoccurred in 2 patients within 1 month post RFA and AT disappeared post the 2nd-RFA. AT reoccurred in 1 patient and terminated after the 3rd RFA. At the final follow-up (12 +/ 5) months, all 9 patients were free of arrhythmias without antiarrhythmic drugs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The LAA is an uncommon site of origin for focal AT. The characteristic P wave and activation timing are suggestive for focal AT originating from the LAA. LAA focal ablation is safe and effective for patients with focal AT originating from the LAA.</p>

Study on the changes of thrombosis-associated factors in patients with coronary heart disease of turbidity-phlegm blocking syndrome / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To preliminarily explore the relationship between thrombosis and its associated factors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) of turbidity-phlegm blocking syndrome (TPB), and to study its acting mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Plasma levels of thrombosis-associated factors, including Von Willebrand factor: (vWF), D-dimer, and fibrinogen (Fg), in 85 patients of CHD with TPB, 93 with CHD of non-TPD, and 89 healthy persons were detected and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Levels of the three factors were increased in all the CHD: patients, and were higher in TPB patients than in non-TPB patients (P<0.01 or P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TPB: syndrome in CHD patients was closely related to the blood coagulation-fibrinolytic system; they might be in pre-thrombosis state, and the plasma levels of vWF, D-dimer, and Fg could be taken as the objective indices for thrombosis differentiation of TPB syndrome in CHD patients.</p>

The cloning expression, purification and activity of human angiostatin K (1-3) gene / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone the sequence of human Angiostatin cDNA and obtain the protein of recombinant angiostatin for further development.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fresh human liver tissue was used for the extraction of total RNA and amplified the Angiostatin cDNA through RT-PCR method . After the recombinant plasmid pET30a-Angiostatin was constructed and confirmed, it was transduced into Rosetta (DE3). Then the transformation was used for fermentation and induced expression. The protein was identified by Western Blot and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The sequence of human Angiostatin cDNA was identical with genebank. Angiostatin (K1-3) was expressed and purified. The target protein made up 30% of the total bacterial protein. The purity is above 90%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Angiostatin K (1-3) can be reached using fusion vector pET30a. The product have the biological activity.</p>

Establishment of a fluorescent quantitative PCR detection method for rabies virus and preparation of RNA positive controls / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Establish the fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR detection method for rabies virus (RV) and construct RNase-resistant virus-like particles as positive controls.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Analyze the database in GenBank, the probe and the primers were designed in the conservative region of N gene of rabies virus and the method of real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was obtained; On the basis of MS2 phage, with the technology of gene recombination, prepare the RNase-resistant virus-like particles for RV positive controls;</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RNase-resistant virus-like particles were obtained after prokaryotic expression in E. coli. The designed primers and probe were confirmed to be very specific and conservative, and be sensitive to-concentration of 15 copies/microl.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Established the method of detecting rabies virus by reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR,obtained the RNase-resistant and no infectivity virus-like particles as positive controls of rabies virus.</p>

Determination of SARS-CoV by simplified nested fluorescent RT-PCR / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a simple rapid and sensitive nested RT-PCR method for detection of SARS coronavirus RNA by designing the specific primers for SARS and optimizing the parameters for PCR.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primers and fluorescent probes were designed according to the sequences of SARS coronavirus genes available from GenBank. The optimization of the parameters for PCR was performed in PE 7700 thermal cycle. The 36 serum samples and 40 mouthwash of SARS patients and 80 samples of healthy people were tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of patient serum and mouthwash was 33.6%, (12/36) and 67.5%, (27/40), respectively, while the positive rate of healthy people was zero (0/160).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The simple nested RT-PCR method was a rapid, efficient and sensitive one for SARS early diagnosis.</p>

Enhancement of immune responses to hepatitis B DNA vaccine by superantigen SEA in mice / 生物工程学报

To investigate the adjuvant effect of plasmid DNA encoding superantigen SEA (D227A) (pmSEA) on immune responses induced by HBV DNA vaccine containing HBV preS2 and S antigen in BABL/c (H-2d). BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscular injection with HBV DNA vaccine (pHBVS2S) mixed with or without pmSEA plasmid. Antibodies againat HBV PreS2 and S antigen in the sera were accessed by Anti-HBs ELISA, and the HBsAg specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) activity was determined by 5 Chromium Release Assay. The HBs peptide-specific IFN-gamma secreting T cells were detected by ELISPOT. Anti-HBs antibody titers and CTLs activity in mice immunized with pmSEA + pHBVS2S group were significant higher (P < 0.05) than pHBVS2S DNA vaccine group. The ratio of IgG1/IgG2a (0.282) was apparently different from the group immunized with peptide (10). Mice immunized with HBV DNA vaccine plus adjuvant produce higher titer of IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies against HBV S antigen 1.36 and 1.73 time higher than that without adjuvant respectively. HBs peptide--specific IFN-gamma secreting T cells increased 2 - 3 times by the pmSEA adjuvant, compared to DNA vaccine group. HBV DNA vaccine (pHBVS2S) induces humoral and cellular immuno-responses in BALB/c mice, and the responses could be significantly boasted by the plasmid encoding mSEA. Therefore the pmSEA was a potential adjuvant for DNA vaccines.

Homodimerization of the c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase / 生物工程学报

The c-Abl nonreceptor tyrosine kinase is activated in the cellular responses to genotoxic, oxidative and other forms of stress. Using tagged forms of c-Abl, the present studies demonstrate that c-Abl forms homodimers in cells. The results show that the c-Abl N-terminal regions interact with the corresponding C-terminal regions of both partners in the dimmer. Specifically, the c-Abl SH3 domain binds to a proline-rich motif at amino acids 958-982 in the c-Abl C-terminal region. Deletion of the proline-rich motif disrupts dimmer formation. These findings provide the first evidence that c-Abl forms homodimers and indicate that homodimerization can contribute to the regulation of c-Abl activity.