Establishment and validation of early prediction model for hypertriglyceridemic severe acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is increasing due to improvements in living standards and dietary changes. However, currently, there is no clinical multifactor scoring system specific to HTG-AP. This study aimed to screen the predictors of HTG-SAP and combine several indicators to establish and validate a visual model for the early prediction of HTG-SAP. METHODS: The clinical data of 266 patients with HTG-SAP were analysed. Patients were classified into severe (N = 42) and non-severe (N = 224) groups according to the Atlanta classification criteria. Several statistical analyses, including one-way analysis, least absolute shrinkage with selection operator (LASSO) regression model, and binary logistic regression analysis, were used to evaluate the data. RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that several factors showed no statistically significant differences, including the number of episodes of pancreatitis, abdominal pain score, and several blood diagnostic markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum calcium (Ca2+), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the incidence of pleural effusion, between the two groups (P < 0.000). LASSO regression analysis identified six candidate predictors: CRP, LDH, Ca2+, procalcitonin (PCT), ascites, and Balthazar computed tomography grade. Binary logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that CRP, LDH, Ca2+, and ascites were independent predictors of HTG-SAP, and the area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.886, 0.893, 0.872, and 0.850, respectively. The AUC of the newly established HTG-SAP model was 0.960 (95% confidence interval: 0.936-0.983), which was higher than that of the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score, modified CT severity index, Ranson score, and Japanese severity score (JSS) CT grade (AUC: 0.794, 0.796, 0.894 and 0.764, respectively). The differences were significant (P < 0.01), except for the JSS prognostic indicators (P = 0.130). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed that the predictive results of the model were highly consistent with the actual situation (P > 0.05). The decision curve analysis plot suggested that clinical intervention can benefit patients when the model predicts that they are at risk for developing HTG-SAP. CONCLUSIONS: CRP, LDH, Ca2+, and ascites are independent predictors of HTG-SAP. The prediction model constructed based on these indicators has a high accuracy, sensitivity, consistency, and practicability in predicting HTG-SAP.

Friends or foes: The mononuclear phagocyte system in ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of disability and death in adults, and the immune response plays an indispensable role in its pathological process. After the onset of IS, an inflammatory storm, with the infiltration and mobilization of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), is triggered in the brain. Microglia are rapidly activated in situ, followed by waves of circulating monocytes into the ischemic area. Activated microglia and monocytes/macrophages are mainly distributed in the peri-infarct area. These cells have similar morphology and functions, such as secreting cytokines and phagocytosis. Previously, the presence of the MPS was considered a marker of an exacerbated inflammatory response that contributes to brain damage. However, recent studies have suggested a rather complicated role of the MPS in IS. Here, we reviewed articles focusing on various functions of the MPS among different phases of IS, including recruitment, polarization, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, and interaction with other types of cells. Moreover, due to the characteristics of the MPS, we also noted clinical research addressing alterations in the MPS as potential biomarkers for IS patients for the purposes of predicting prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

CT and MRI fusion based on generative adversarial network and convolutional neural networks under image enhancement / 生物医学工程学杂志

Aiming at the problems of missing important features, inconspicuous details and unclear textures in the fusion of multimodal medical images, this paper proposes a method of computed tomography (CT) image and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image fusion using generative adversarial network (GAN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) under image enhancement. The generator aimed at high-frequency feature images and used double discriminators to target the fusion images after inverse transform; Then high-frequency feature images were fused by trained GAN model, and low-frequency feature images were fused by CNN pre-training model based on transfer learning. Experimental results showed that, compared with the current advanced fusion algorithm, the proposed method had more abundant texture details and clearer contour edge information in subjective representation. In the evaluation of objective indicators, Q AB/F, information entropy (IE), spatial frequency (SF), structural similarity (SSIM), mutual information (MI) and visual information fidelity for fusion (VIFF) were 2.0%, 6.3%, 7.0%, 5.5%, 9.0% and 3.3% higher than the best test results, respectively. The fused image can be effectively applied to medical diagnosis to further improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Effect of BiPAP ventilation on respiratory physiology in patients with stable COPD / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To observe the physiological effect of bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation among stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods:This was a small sample size, exploratory, interventional study. A total of 10 outpatients with stable COPD were included from Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University between January 2018 and December 2018. The BiPAP mode of noninvasive mechanical ventilation was adopted. The inspiratory positive airway pressure was gradually increased from 10 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa) to 24 cmH 2O, and each time by 2 cmH 2O. The expiratory positive airway pressure remained unchanged at 4 cmH 2O. Baseline and test data were collected before and during the ventilation for comparison, including total respiratory cycle time (T tot), inspiratory time (T i), inspiratory time (T e), inspiratory tidal volume (V Ti); mouth pressure (P mo), esophageal pressure (P eso), transdiaphragmatic pressure (P di), esophageal pressure time product (PTP es), diaphragm pressure time product (PTP di), root mean square of electromyography of diaphragm (RMS), V e/RMS, inspiratory capacity (IC), the change in end-expiratory lung volume (ΔEELV) and dynamic PEEPi (PEEPi dyn). Results:All the 10 patients completed the trial. Compared to calm breathing, V Ti, V e, P mo, IC, ΔEELV score and V e/RMS increased significantly with increasing pressure levels (all P<0.05); T e only increased significantly at 20-22 cmH 2O pressure levels compared to calm breathing ( P<0.05). P di, PTP es, PTP di, RMS and RMS/RMS max decreased significantly with increasing levels (all P<0.05). PTP es and PTP di converged to 0 and no longer showed significant changes after the 18 cmH 2O pressure level. RMS and RMS/RMS max flattened out at pressure level greater than 16 cmH 2O. T i/T tot only significantly decreased at the 20 cmH 2O pressure level compared to calm breathing. PEEPi dyn showed a tendency to decrease and then increase with increasing pressure levels. Conclusion:BiPAP ventilation, at appropriate pressure levels, significantly relieves pulmonary ventilation disorders and reduces the load of respiratory muscle in patients with stable COPD.

Early Computational Detection of Potential High Risk SARS-CoV-2 Variants

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is leading to the discovery of hundreds of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants on a daily basis. While most variants do not impact the course of the pandemic, some variants pose a significantly increased risk when the acquired mutations allow better evasion of antibody neutralisation in previously infected or vaccinated subjects or increased transmissibility. Early detection of such high risk variants (HRVs) is paramount for the proper management of the pandemic. However, experimental assays to determine immune evasion and transmissibility characteristics of new variants are resource-intensive and time-consuming, potentially leading to delays in appropriate responses by decision makers. Here we present a novel in silico approach combining spike (S) protein structure modelling and large protein transformer language models on S protein sequences to accurately rank SARS-CoV-2 variants for immune escape and fitness potential. These metrics can be combined into an automated Early Warning System (EWS) capable of evaluating new variants in minutes and risk-monitoring variant lineages in near real-time. The system accurately pinpoints the putatively dangerous variants by selecting on average less than 0.3% of the novel variants each week. With only the S protein nucleotide sequence as input, the EWS detects HRVs earlier and with better precision than baseline metrics such as the growth metric (which requires real-world observations) or random sampling. Notably, Omicron BA.1 was flagged by the EWS on the day its sequence was made available. Additionally, our immune escape and fitness metrics were experimentally validated using in vitro pseudovirus-based virus neutralisation test (pVNT) assays and binding assays. The EWS flagged as potentially dangerous all 16 variants (Alpha-Omicron BA.1/2/4/5) designated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) with an average lead time of more than one and a half months ahead of them being designated as such. One-Sentence SummaryA COVID-19 Early Warning System combining structural modelling with machine learning to detect and monitor high risk SARS-CoV-2 variants, identifying all 16 WHO designated variants on average more than one and a half months in advance by selecting on average less than 0.3% of the weekly novel variants.

Significant response to apatinib monotherapy in heavily pretreated advanced HER2-positive breast cancer: a case report and literature review.

Although HER2-targeted therapy has been shown to prolong the survival of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, most patients eventually progress due to drug resistance. Novel treatment options are urgently needed to overcome resistance to HER2-targeted therapy. The VEGF/VEGFR (Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors) pathway is essential in tumor angiogenesis, which may be a promising target in HER2-positive breast cancer providing a rationale for the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting VEGFR. Here, we present a case of a heavily pretreated advanced breast cancer patient who did not respond to HER2-targeted therapy and developed resistance to multiple lines of HER2-targeted treatment. The patient was treated with apatinib at a dose of 500 mg daily, and obtained partial remission (PR) with a progression-free-stage (PFS) of 6 months. Our case indicates that apatinib might have anti-tumor activity in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with HER2-targeted resistance. This case is of value which may provide new insights into strategies for HER2-targeted therapy resistance options in the clinic.

Progress and prospects of international cancer drug clinical research on gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Gastric cancer is a common type of malignant tumor. Recently, a growing number of clinical researches initiated by investigators have provided valuable evidence for clinical practice. Here we review the perioperative treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer, and summarize the optimization of neoadjuvant treatment regimens, the exploration of new combinational treatment models and new adjuvant chemotherapy schemes, and the changes in the status of chemoradiotherapy in adjuvant therapy. At the same time, for the comprehensive treatment of advanced gastric cancer, the advances in the optimization of first-line chemotherapy regimens, emerging immunotherapy and targeted therapy are reviewed as well. Gastric cancer is a highly heterogeneous tumor. For further development of precision medicine represented by targeted therapy and immunotherapy, genetic testing-guided precise molecular subtyping will be the direction.

Temperature dependence of 63Ni-Si betavoltaic microbattery.

This paper theoretically presented the temperature effects on the 63Ni-Si betavoltaic microbattery irradiated by a source with different thicknesses and activity densities at a temperature range 170-340K. Temperature dependences of the monolayer and interbedded 63Ni-Si betavoltaics at 213.15-333.15K were tested with respect to calculations. Results showed that the higher the thickness, activity density, and average energy of the source, the lower is the betavoltaic performance responds to temperature. With the increase in temperature, the Voc and Pmax of the upper, lower, and interbedded betavoltaics decreased linearly at low temperatures and decreased exponentially at high temperatures in the experiment. As predicted, the measured Voc and Pmax sensitivities of the lower betavoltaic with 4.90mCi/cm2 63Ni, -2.230mV/K and -1.132%, respectively, were lower than those with 1.96mCi/cm2 63Ni, -2.490mV/K and -1.348%, respectively. Compared with the calculated results, the prepared betavoltaics had lower Voc sensitivity and higher Pmax sensitivity. In addition, the measured Voc sensitivity of the interbedded betavoltaic in series is equal to the sum of those of the upper and lower ones as predicted. Moreover, the measured Pmax sensitivity of the interbedded betavoltaic is equal to the average of those of the two monolayers.

Value renal CT volumetric texture analysis with machine learning radiomics in assessment of pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of renal CT volumetric texture analysis with machine learning radiomics in assessment of pathological grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC). Methods Thirty-four biopsy-confirmed ccRCC subjects who had four-phase CT scanning (NC:non-contrast, CM: Corticomedullary, N: Nephrographic, E: Excretory) were collected retrospectively from June 2013 to October 2017 for the study.Non-rigid registration was performed on multi-phase CT images in reference to CM-phase.Each lesion was segmented on CM-phase CT images using our in-house volumetric image analysis platform,"3DQI".A set of fifty-nine volumetric textures,including histogram,gradient,gray level co-occurrence matrix(GLCM),run-length(RL),moments,and shape,was calculated for each segment lesion in each phase as parameters for the training/testing of Random Forest (RF) classifier. Four groups according to pathological Fuhrman grade on a scaleⅠtoⅣ,these tumors were then divided into low(Ⅰ+Ⅱ) and high grade ( Ⅲ + Ⅳ) groups. Feature selection was performed by Boruta algorithm. A 10-fold cross-validation method was applied to validate the RF performance by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the model. Results Subjects were divided into four groups by Fuhrman grade on a scaleⅠtoⅣ:3 cases gradeⅠ,19 cases gradeⅡ,8 cases gradeⅢand 4 cases gradeⅣ.In CM-phase,kurtosis and long-run-emphasis(RLE)were selected the most important textures for ccRCC staging among 59 features. The area under curve (AUC) of ROC was 0.88 (79% sensitivity and 82% specificity)by using kurtosis and RLE textures.The mean values of kurtosis and RLE were(-20.00±22.00)×10-2and(3.00±0.40)×10-2for low group,whereas(31.00±32.00)×10-2and(5.00± 0.02)×10-2for high group.Within the mean±SD range of statistics,radiomics can distinguish between low and high grade tumors.In multi-phase analysis,three most important features were selected among 236(59× 4) textures: kurtosis (CM-phase), GLCM homogeneity I (HOMO 1) (E-phase), and GLCM homogeneity 2 (HOMO2)(E-phase).The mean values of HOMO 1(E-phase)and HOMO 2(E-phase)were(19.00±0.03)× 10-2and(11.00±0.02)×10-2for low group,whereas(22.00±0.03)×10-2and(14.00±0.02)×10-2for high group. The AUC was 0.92(93% sensitivity and 87% specificity)by using these three textures. Conclusion This study has demonstrated that renal CT volumetric texture analysis with machine learning radiomics could preoperative accurately perform cancer staging for ccRCC.

microRNA-1183 Promotes the Proliferation and Metastasis by Suppressing the Expression of CBL-B in Gastric Cancer Cells / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-1183 on proliferation and metastasis on gastric cancer cells and to explore the role of microRNA-1183 and CBL-B signaling pathways in this process. Methods MGC803 cells were transfected with a microRNA-1183 mimic. Real-time PCR detected the expression of microRNA-1183 in gastric cancer cell line MGC803. MTT detected the proliferative effect of microRNA-1183 on MGC803 gastric cancer cells. A Transwell assay detected the effect of microRNA-1183 on the metastasis of MGC803 gastric cancer cells. A dual luciferase reporter assay detected the binding ability between microRNA-1183 and CBL-B. The expression of the protein was tested by Western blotting. Results MTT assay results showed that microRNA-1183 promoted the proliferation of MGC803 cells. Transwell assay results revealed that microRNA-1183 promoted the metastasis of MGC803 cells. The results of BLAST contrast analysis show that CBL-B is one of the target genes of microRNA-1183. Western blotting analysis showed that the mimic microRNA-1183 inhibited the expression of CBL-B. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that CBL-B was the target gene of microRNA-1183. A CBL-B knockdown promoted the proliferation and metastasis of MGC803 cells. microRNA-1183 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of MGC803 cells by inhibiting the expression of CBL-B. Conclusion microRNA-1183 can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cell lines by inhibiting the expression of CBL-B.

Construction,Protein Expression,and Subcellular Localization of Various Kinase Mutant Plasmids of GATA1 / 中国医科大学学报

Objective The GATA1 mutant GATA1 S161A S187A (death type) and GATA1 S161D S187D (activated) eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed using the large primer method,and,to explore their biological function and potential tumor treatment targets,the expression and localization of the fusion protein in cells were confirmed. Methods S161A,S187A,S161D,and S187D mutants were amplified by GFP-GATA1 WT,which served as the template. The recombinant plasmid was cloned into a pEGFP-C1 expression vector and transfected into HEK293 cells by immunoblotting expression of the fusion protein. Results The eukaryotic expression vectors pEGFP-GATA1 S161A S187A and pEGFP-GATA1 S161D S187D were successfully constructed using the high primer PCR method,and expression of the fusion protein was verified. Confocal laser microscopy showed that the fusion protein was mainly located in the nuclei of HEK293 cells. Conclusion A eukaryotic expression vector of a GATA1 mutant was successfully constructed using the large primer method. This work lays the foundation for further studies on the structure and function of the mutant.

Protective effect and mechanism of Sestrin2 in the development of pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial cell injury induced by cigarette smoking / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the role of Sestrin2 in pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial cell injury induced by cigarette smoking and its mechanism of action. Methods The cell injury model was induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE)in the human pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells. The generation of ROS was detected by DCFDA fluorescence probe. The levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-8 were determined by ELISA, and the expression of Sestrin2 and the peroxiredoxin,Prx-SO2/3H,was detected by Western blot. In addition,all the events were also measured in the A549 cells which were transfected with Sestrin2 siRNA and treated with azithromycin. Results After the CSE treatment,the expression of Sestrin2 in the A549 cells was decreased, the expression of Prx-SO2/3H was increased, the ROS production,secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 were increased(P < 0.05). These changes were partly reducedby azithromycin, indicating that azithromycin significantly relieved CSE-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory injury.Silencing of Sestrin2 in the A549 cells result ed in an increase of Prx-SO2/3 H expression, ROS production and the secretionof the cytokines TNF-α and IL-8. However, oxidative stress and inflammatory injury were not alleviated with the addition ofazithromycin in the Sestrin2 siRNA silencing A549 cells. Conclusions Sestrin2 plays an protective role in the pulmonaryalveolar type II epithelial cell injury induced by cigarette smoking through negatively regulating the level of intracellularROS via catalyzing the reduction of the hyperoxidized peroxiredoxin Prx-SO2/3 H.

Mechanistic study of β-tubulin and its interaction with the dopamine D5 receptor, cholecystokinin B receptor, and water-sodium metabolism / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To examine the role of β-tubulin on the interaction between the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR),dopamine D5 receptor(D5R), and water-sodium metabolism. Methods Normotensive and hypertensive renal proximal tubular cells(RPTC)were equally randomized into three separate groups: a gastrin group, fenoldopam group,and gastrin+nocodazole group. Immunofluorescence was used to determine localization of β-tubulin,CCKBR,and D5R. Western blotting was used to detect CCKBR, D5R, and Na-K-ATP expression. Results Gastrin stimulation in normotensive RPTC increased D5R expression(P < 0.05)and decreased Na-K-ATP expression(P < 0.05). These changes were blocked by a tubulin inhibitor(P < 0.05). However, interaction between CCKBR, D5R, and Na-K-ATP expression was not significantly affected in hypertensive RPTC. Immunofluorescence showed that CCKBR and D5R can induce one another,followed by transport to the plasma membrane, which can prevented by a tubulin inhibitor. Further, tubulin is disordered in hypertensive RPTC,which cannot support intracellular CCKBR and D5R transport. Conclusions tubulin plays a key role in the interaction between CCKBR, D5R, and water-sodium metabolism by improving protein transfer from the cytoplasm to cell membrane.

Advances in Treatments for Small Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients / 中国医科大学学报

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 20％ of lung carcinomas.Nearly 30％ of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed over the age of 70 years and about 10％ over 80 years.Chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment for SCLC.However,elderly patients tolerate chemotherapy poorly as compared to their younger counterparts because of age-related progressive reduction in organ functions and the presence of comorbidities.Therefore,the best approach towards the development of active and well-tolerated chemotherapy regimens for elderly patients with SCLC is to design clinical trials that are based specifically on geriatric assessments.This review focuses on the major issues related to the treatment of elderly patients with SCLC.

Ethical Reflection on Standardized Management of Intestinal Microbiota Transplantation / 中国医学伦理学

Intestinal microecology is an important and complex biological system necessary for human health.Its disorder is involved in the development of various diseases of human body.The technology of intestinal microbiota transplantation can effectively regulate the intestinal flora,repair the imbalance of the intestinal microecology,and bring a new breakthrough for the treatment of many diseases of gastrointestinal tract and outside gastrointestinal tract.However,there is still no systematic and complete management standard for intestinal microbiota transplantation technology.This paper discussed related content involved in standardized management of intestinal microbiota transplantation technology and reflected the ethical problems involved in standardized management from the perspective of medical ethics,in order to promote the clinical application of intestinal microbiota transplantation technology.

The study on the mechanism of platelet in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension via inflammation / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of platelet in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.Methods 25 Dahl salt-sensitive rats (Dahl SS) were divided into three groups: low-salt diet (0.12% NaCl, LS), high-salt diet (8%NaCl, HS) and high-salt diet + platelet inhibitor (8%NaCl+busulfan, HS+bus).Blood pressures were measured by tail-cuff method.After six weeks, animals were sacrificed.Platelet p-selectin expression, platelet cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, platelet-leukocyte aggregation (PLA) in peripheral blood, and immune cells infiltrated on aortic walls were assessed by flow cytometry, and serum IL-6 level was tested by ELISA in vivo.Platelets purified from SD rats were treated with normal salt (0.9%NaCl) and high salt (1.3%NaCl), then the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and p-selectin expression of platelet were detected.Results We found that Dahl SS rats with high-salt diet, relative to low-salt diet, presented with high blood pressure and increased the ratio of platelet p-selectin expression, Ca2+ concentration.IL-6 level and PLA in peripheral blood, and the number of infiltrated immune cells on aortic walls were also significantly elevated in high-salt diet group.The whole events were ameliorated by the platelet inhibitor busulfan.Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and p-selectin expression were also increased in purified platelets treated with high salt than those treated with low salt (P < 0.05).Conclusions Our findings suggest that high salt induced platelet activation with increased Ca2+ concentration may play an important role in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension via vascular inflammation.However, the detailed mechanisms of platelet activation and development of high blood pressure via inflammation induced by high salt intake remain to be determined.

Role of Akt and SRC Pathways in Exosome?mediated Proliferation of Homologous Lung Adenocarninoma Cells / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of Exosomes isolated from the A549 lung cancer cells on the proliferation of these cells and their ho?mologous tumor cells,HCC827,and the role of the PI3K/Akt and SRC signaling pathways in this process. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the supernatant after density gradient centrifugation of A549 cells. The Exosomes morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of the Exosome?specific proteins was analyzed using Western blotting. Cell proliferation was investigated using the MTT assay. Re?sults The A549?derived Exosomes were 30?100 nm in diameter and had a bilayer membrane.Western blotting showed that CD9 was detected in these Exosomes. The isolated Exosomes promoted the proliferation of the A549 and the HCC827 cells in a dose?and time?dependent manner,ac?companied by the activation of Akt and SRC. Conclusion Exosomes isolated from A549 cells promote the proliferation of the secreting cells and the homologous tumor cells in a dose?and time?dependent manner. The mechanism may be related to the activation of Akt and SRC.

Role of Akt and SRC Pathways in Exosome-mediated Migration of Homologous Lung Adenocarninoma Cells / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of Exosomes derived from lung cancer cells on the migration of secretory cells and homologous tumor cells and to explore the role of PI3K/Akt and SRC signaling pathways in this process.Methods Exosomes were isolated from the supematant post density gradient centrifugation of A549,lung cancer cells.Morphology of the Exosomes was studied using transmission electron microscopy.Protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting.Cell migration was analyzed by a transwell assay.Results The double-membrane-bound Exosomes appeared as discal-shaped structures,30-100 nm in diameter.Western blotting showed that CD9 was abundant in the Exosomes.The Exosomes promoted the migration of A549 cells and their homologous tumor cells,HCC827 in a dose-dependent manner,accompanied by the activation of Akt and SRC.Conclusion The Exosomes derived from A549 (lung cancer) cells promote the migration of the secreting cells and the homologous tumor cells.The mechanism may be correlated with the activation of Akt and SRC.

Analysis of Clinical Significance of AKT3 Expression in Gastric Cancer Utilizing TCGA Datasets / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of AKT3 expression in gastric cancer. Methods AKT3 expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)datasets and its clinical information were downloaded. Statistically assessed was performed for relationship with clinicopatho?logical factors and prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was used to predict the gene sets modulated by AKT3. Results The expres?sion of AKT3 was associated with T stage(P=0.001),TNM stage(P=0.049)and differentiation(P<0.001).High level of AKT3 expression indi?cates poor prognosis(P=0.001). AKT3 could regulate gene sets involving cell adhesion molecule,cytoskeleton regulation,focal adhesion and TGF?βsignaling pathway. Conclusion AKT3 could be used as a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.

[Analysis of postoperative chemotherapy-related anemia in elderly cancer patients].

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between anemia and postoperative chemotherapy in elderly cancer patients. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven elderly patients ( age ≥ 60) with pathologically confirmed breast, lung and digestive tract cancers, who had HGB ≥ 120 g/L and ECOG scores 0-2, were included in this study. We reviewed their clinicopathological data and analyzed the correlation of anemia in breast cancer patients after 1, 3 or 5 cycles and lung cancer patients after 1, 2 or 3 cycles of postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: Among the 157 cases, the overall proportion of anemia was 31.8% (50/157) , with 18.8% in male and 47.2% in female patients (P < 0.001). After three cycles of chemotherapy, the proportion of anemia was 57.9% in lung cancer, 34.5% in breast cancer, 26.3% in gastric cancer and 9.3% in colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.001). The proportion of anemia during 5 cycles chemotherapy (three cycles in lung cancer) was gradually increasing. In the lung cancer patients, anemia was observed in 66.7% of patients who received vinorelbine plus cispiatin regimen and 25.0% of cases who received vinorelbine regimen chemotherapy (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: In most elderly patients with normal hemoglobin level and in good conditions, the chemotherapy-related anemia is mild and less frequent. Age should not limit the adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly cancer patients. Attention should be paid to the possibility of anemia in elderly female lung cancer patients receiving multiple cycle platinum-based chemotherapy regimens.