Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Fault-Tolerant 3D Photonic Network-on-Chip Based on Hybrid Photonics-Plasmonics.

The performance of electro-optic modulators and optical routers and their routing algorithms are the key factors affecting the performance of networks on optical chips. This paper improves the mesh 3-dimensional photonic network-on-chip (3D-PNoC) topology. An SPP hybrid silicon-based electro-optic modulator and an improved fault-tolerant SPP router are used to improve the performance of the network on an optical chip. SPP switching and SPP MRR are combined to form a fault-tolerant SPP router. On this basis, an improved genetic optimization routing algorithm is implemented on the improved mesh 3D PNoC topology, which completes the data exchange of the IP core of the network on the optical chip. Compared with the case of traditional optoelectronic devices, the performance of on-chip optical networks can be improved effectively. The simulation results show that upon the application of the improved genetic optimization routing algorithm to the improved mesh 3D PNoC topology, the average end-to-end delay is reduced by 32.9%, the throughput rate is increased by 28.5%, and the system power consumption is reduced by 27.6%. On the other hand, the average insertion loss and noise of optical routers are increased by 2.94 dB and 2.95 dB, respectively.

ABO-incompatible renal transplantation pretreated with oralimmunosuppressants alone: a report of 16 cases / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of pretreating with oral immunosuppressants alone for ABO-incompatible (ABOi) renal transplant recipients with an initial isoagglutinin titer <1: 8.Methods:From September 2014 to October 2019, 16 cases of ABOi renal transplantation pretreated with oral immunosuppressants alone and 32 cases of ABO-compatible (ABOc) renal transplantation were recruited for comparing the inter-group incidence of graft function, acute rejection, infection and recipient and allograft survival.Results:The 16 ABOi renal transplantations were AB-to-A(n=4), AB-to-B(n=3), A-to-B(n=1), B-to-A(n=4), A-to-O(n=2) and B-to-O(n=2). The initial isoagglutinin titer (IgM & IgG) and that on the date of transplantation were both ≤1∶8. The median follow-up period was 495(90-1696) days. One patient in ABOi group underwent allograft nephrectomy due to hyperacute rejection. The graft survival rates were 93.75%(15/16) and 100%(32/32) in ABOi and ABOc groups respectively. No recipient died. No significant inter-group difference existed in postoperative renal function after 6 months (serum creatinine μmol/L: 114.30±28.13 vs. 106.08±23.80, P=0.38; eGFR ml/min/1.73 m 2: 64.93±19.60 vs. 82.34±22.58, P=0.13). In ABOi group, there were 3 episodes of postoperative infection, 2 episodes of acute rejection within 2 weeks (including 1 episode of hyperacute rejection) and 1 episode of acute rejection after 2 weeks; 5 episodes of postoperative infection, no acute rejection within 2 weeks and 5 episodes of acute rejection after 2 weeks in ABOc group. No significant inter-group difference existed in the incidence of infection or rejection ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Using oral immunosuppressant alone is both safe and feasible for ABOi renal transplantation recipients with an initial isoagglutinin titer ≤1∶8. It may greatly simplify the pretreatment scheme for those with a low initial isoagglutinin titer and lower the incidence of complications.

Clinical observation of the therapeutic responses of primary biliary cirrhosis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective The aims of this study were to compare the clinical and laboratory responses to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) monotherapy with the combination therapy of UDCA plus prednisolone/azathioprine in primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and to investigate the risk factors affecting the therapeutic responses.Methods Eighty-two patients with untreated PBC were divided randomly into three groups.Group U (28 patients) received UDCA alone,group UP(27 patients) received UDCA and pr ednisolone,while group UA (27 patients ) received UDCA and azathioprine.The clinical and laboratory data were recorded after treated for 3,6 and 12 months.Repeated measures ANOVA and COX regression model were used for statistical analysis.Results Fatigue and pruritus were improved only in group UP(P=0.015 and P=0.037 respectively).Alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT),total bilirubin (TBIL),direct bilirubin (DBIL) and IgM in the 3 groups were decreased (P＜0.05),while there was no statistical significant difference between the three groups (P＞0.05).The patients with disease progression had higher Mayo risk score (MRS) (P=0.018) and prolonged prothrombin time (PT)(P=0.042).In group UP,side-effect associated with glucocorticosteroids occurred in eight patients while there was no side-effect in group U.High baseline levels of ALP、GGT and CHO were risk factors for biochemical remission(P=0.015).The increase of DBIL,TBIL,total bile acid(TBA) and PT did not contribute to the prediction of biochemical remission ( P=0.075 ).Conclusion There are no differences among the three groups in the improvement of hepatic biochemical data and IgM.The combination therapy of UDCA with prednisolone could relieve fatigue and itching.The disease of patients with higher Mayo risk score and prolonged PT tend to progress.High baseline levels of ALP,GGT and CHO are risk factors for biochemical remission.High baseline levels of TBIL,DBIL,TBA and PT could not predict biochemical remission.The incidence of adverse effect is lowest when treated with UDCA alone.