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1.
CJC Open ; 4(6): 568-576, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35252829

RESUMO

Background: Effective treatments for COVID-19 are urgently needed, but conducting randomized trials during the pandemic has been challenging. Methods: The Anti-Coronavirus Therapy (ACT) trials are parallel factorial international trials that aimed to enroll 3500 outpatients and 2500 inpatients with symptomatic COVID-19. The outpatient trial is evaluating colchicine vs usual care, and aspirin vs usual care. The primary outcome for the colchicine randomization is hospitalization or death, and for the aspirin randomization, it is major thrombosis, hospitalization, or death. The inpatient trial is evaluating colchicine vs usual care, and the combination of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice daily and aspirin 100 mg once daily vs usual care. The primary outcome for the colchicine randomization is need for high-flow oxygen, need for mechanical ventilation, or death, and for the rivaroxaban plus aspirin randomization, it is major thrombotic events, need for high-flow oxygen, need for mechanical ventilation, or death. Results: At the completion of enrollment on February 10, 2022, the outpatient trial had enrolled 3917 patients, and the inpatient trial had enrolled 2611 patients. Challenges encountered included lack of preliminary data about the interventions under evaluation, uncertainties related to the expected event rates, delays in regulatory and ethics approvals, and in obtaining study interventions, as well as the changing pattern of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The ACT trials will determine the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine, and antithrombotic therapy with aspirin given alone or in combination with rivaroxaban, across the spectrum of mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Lessons learned from the conduct of these trials will inform planning of future trials.


Contexte: Il est urgent de mettre au point des traitements efficaces contre la COVID-19, mais il n'est pas facile de réaliser des essais à répartition aléatoire dans un contexte pandémique. Méthodologie: Les essais internationaux factoriels ACT (Anti-Coronavirus Therapy) avaient un objectif d'inscription de 3 500 patients externes et de 2 500 patients hospitalisés présentant une COVID-19 symptomatique. L'essai mené auprès de patients externes visait à évaluer la colchicine par rapport aux soins habituels, et l'aspirine par rapport aux soins habituels. Le paramètre d'évaluation principal au terme de la répartition aléatoire des patients était l'hospitalisation ou le décès dans le groupe traité par la colchicine, et la thrombose majeure, l'hospitalisation ou le décès dans le groupe traité par l'aspirine. L'essai mené auprès de patients hospitalisés visant à évaluer la colchicine par rapport aux soins habituels, et un traitement associant le rivaroxaban à 2,5 mg deux fois par jour et l'aspirine à 100 mg une fois par jour par rapport aux soins habituels. Le paramètre d'évaluation principal au terme de la répartition aléatoire des patients était le recours à l'oxygénothérapie à haut débit ou à la ventilation mécanique ou le décès dans le groupe traité par la colchicine, et la survenue de manifestations thrombotiques majeures, le recours à l'oxygénothérapie à haut débit ou à la ventilation mécanique ou le décès dans le groupe traité par l'association rivaroxaban-aspirine. Résultats: À la fin de la période d'inscription, le 10 février 2022, 3 917 patients externes et 2 611 patients hospitalisés formaient la population des essais. Certains aspects se sont révélés problématiques, notamment le manque de données préliminaires sur les interventions à évaluer, les incertitudes liées aux taux d'événements prévus, les retards touchant les approbations réglementaires et éthiques et les interventions de recherche, de même que l'évolution de la pandémie de COVID-19. Conclusions: Les essais ACT détermineront l'efficacité du traitement anti-inflammatoire par la colchicine et du traitement antithrombotique par l'aspirine, administrée seule ou en association avec le rivaroxaban, contre la COVID-19 légère, modérée ou sévère. Les leçons tirées de ces essais orienteront la planification d'essais ultérieurs.

2.
Trop Doct ; 14(2): 72-5, 1984 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6375049

RESUMO

Fourteen patients admitted to Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam in diabetic coma were treated according to a management plan based on the hourly administration of low doses of soluble insulin. The use of this treatment plan resulted in a significant fall in mortality. Three patients died. While these results are still unsatisfactory, the study has shown that combining the treatment plan with enthusiastic and constant medical and nursing care, the results of treatment of diabetic coma in the tropics can approach those of the developed world. The treatment plan is described in detail, since we believe that it can be used in hospitals with only basic facilities.


Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Coma Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Coma Diabético/mortalidade , Coma Diabético/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intramusculares , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tanzânia , Clima Tropical
4.
J Trop Med Hyg ; 85(4): 169-71, 1982 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7143532

RESUMO

The first seven cases of cholera-like disease due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, acquired mainly through handling of raw fish from the Indian Ocean, in Dar es Salaam are reported. Five of the patients were young women, two of those being fishmongers. The duration of the disease in six of the patients was short leading to recovery within 24 h. One of the patients took 4 days of intensive rehydration therapy before recovery. Whereas V. parahaemolyticus is the commonest cause of food poisoning in Japan where raw or half cooked salt water fish are a common delicacy, the disease in Tanzania where raw fish is almost never eaten, appears to have resulted mainly from poor personal hygiene in handling raw fish. It is recommended that more studies on the problem should be carried out and the public should be educated on the dangers of unhygienic handling of raw fish.


Assuntos
Cólera/microbiologia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/patogenicidade , Microbiologia da Água
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