Preparation of carbon quantum dots from cigarette filters and its application for fluorescence detection of Sudan I.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with quantum yield of 14% were successfully synthesized via a simple, low-cost, and green hydrothermal treatment using cigarette filters as carbon source for the first time. The obtained CQDs showed a strong emission at the wavelength of 465 nm, with an optimum excitation of 365 nm.Sudan I with maximum absorption wavelength at 477 nm could selectively quench the fluorescence of CQDs. Based on this principle, a fluorescence probe was developed for Sudan I determination. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism of the CQDs was elucidated. A linear relationship was found in the range of 2.40-104.0 µmol/L Sudan I with the detection limit (3σ/k) of 0.95 µmol/L. Satisfactory results were achieved when the method was submitted to the determination of Sudan I in food samples.

Observation about the effects of fluid management for patients with severe heart failure under the guidance of PICCO / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To guide fluid management for sever heart failure patients by using PICCO indicators, in order to direct clinical fluid management and nursing care. Methods Sixty-four heart failure patients with level IV cardiac function were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group according to random number table, and each one had 32 patients. Fluid management for patients in the control group was implemented with CVP monitoring technology, while the patients in the experimental group accepted PICCO monitoring technology as fluid management. Then compare these indicators between the two groups--length of stay in ICU, mortality rate of 28 days, daily fluid intake, output and time of achieving negative fluid balance, and observe the change of cardiac function index (CFI) and capacity indicators (ITBVI, GEDVI, EVLWI) in the experiment group before and after treatment. Results Indicators of ITBVI、GEDVI、EVLWI in the experiment group recovered to normal state and CFI improved. The indicators which had mentioned above was (1 203.41±111.08) ml/m2, (1 087.78±66.91) ml/m2, (12.91±3.54) ml/kg, (2.91±0.29) L·min-1·m-2 respectively when before the treatment, while the values after the treatment was (895.50 ± 50.27) ml/m2, (728.19 ± 73.33) ml/m2, (6.51 ± 0.75) ml/kg, (4.61 ± 0.69) L · min-1 · m-2, the difference was significant (t=-18.52-54.42, P<0.05). The length of stay in ICU, mortality rate of 28 days, daily fluid intake, output and time of achieving negative fluid balance of the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=-17.19,-76.80,-12.38, χ2=3.26, P<0.05). Conclusions PICCO monitoring indicators are better than CVP method in the aspect of fluid management for patients with sever heart failure, which can increase the rescue success rate, promote the treatment effect, improve prognosis, and promote the rehabilitation of patients.