Solvate of 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) with both N2 O4 and Stable NO2 Free Radical.

A new solvate of a powerful explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and liquid oxidizer N2 O4 has been synthesized. When stored at room temperature, the white crystals turn yellowish brown, which indicates partial dissociation of N2 O4 with the formation of a stable NO2 free radical, which is confirmed by ESR spectroscopy. The resulting solvate was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, IR-spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The vapor pressure of NO2 above the solvate crystals is similar to the pressure above common hydrates. The presence of the NO2 radical does not affect the thermal stability of CL-20. However, under closed conditions, NO2 increases the rate of the autocatalytic decomposition reaction. The kinetics of this reaction at the surface temperature determine the burning rate of the solvate. The novel solvate has a high density (1.98 g cm-3 ), a high predicted detonation velocity and pressure, and sensitivity to impact slightly higher to that of ϵ-CL-20.

Applied value of monitoring serum hepcidin in differential diagnosis of infection versus tumor fevers.

The applied value of serum hepcidin in differential diagnosis of infection fevers versus tumor fevers was explored. A total of 432 fever patients were selected according to the domestic fever of unknown origin (FUO) diagnostic criteria from our hospital between June 2010 and November 2013. Venous blood samples were taken on the day 1, 5, 10 after admission. The infection group (98 cases) and the tumor group (50 cases) were set up based on the clinical and laboratory findings. ELISA was used to determine the serum hepcidin and IL-6 levels. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Hepcidin showed obvious descending trend on the 10th day in both the bacterial infection group (66 cases) and the virus infection group (32 cases), and the descending trend was similar to that of inflammatory indexes such as procalcitonin (PCT), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (h-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC), and ferritin. Serum hepcidin showed no obvious differences in the tumor group on the day 1, 5, 10 after admission. In the infection groups, serum hepcidin was positively correlated with IL-6 (r=0.687, P=0.000) and CRP (r=0.487, P=0.026), but had a poor correlation with blood sedimentation, ferritin, PCT and WBC (P>0.05). Monitoring dynamic changes of hepcidin and related inflammatory factors in patients with fever is expected to be used for clinical identification of infection fever and tumor fever.

Applied Value of Monitoring Serum Hepcidin in Differential Diagnosis of Infection versus Tumor Fevers / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The applied value of serum hepcidin in differential diagnosis of infection fevers versus tumor fevers was explored.A total of 432 fever patients were selected according to the domestic fever of unknown origin (FUO) diagnostic criteria from our hospital between June 2010 and November 2013.Venous blood samples were taken on the day 1,5,10 after admission.The infection group (98 cases) and the tumor group (50 cases) were set up based on the clinical and laboratory findings.ELISA was used to determine the serum hepcidin and IL-6 levels.SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis.Hepcidin showed obvious descending trend on the 10th day in both the bacterial infection group (66 cases) and the virus infection group (32 cases),and the descending trend was similar to that of inflammatory indexes such as procalcitonin (PCT),hypersensitive C-reactive protein (h-CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),white blood cell (WBC),and ferritin.Serum hepcidin showed no obvious differences in the tumor group on the day 1,5,10 after admission.In the infection groups,serum hepcidin was positively correlated with IL-6 (r=0.687,P=0.000) and CRP (r=0.487,P=0.026),but had a poor correlation with blood sedimentation,ferritin,PCT and WBC (P＞0.05).Monitoring dynamic changes of hepcidin and related inflammatory factors in patients with fever is expected to be used for clinical identification of infection fever and tumor fever.

siRNA-mediated gene silencing of MexB from the MexA-MexB-OprM efflux pump in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

To gain insights into the effect of MexB gene under the short interfering RNA (siRNA), we synthesized 21 bp siRNA duplexes against the MexB gene. RT-PCR was performed to determine whether the siRNA inhibited the expression of MexB mRNA. Changes in antibiotic susceptibility in response to siRNA were measured by the E-test method. The efficacy of siRNAs was determined in a murine model of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection. MexB-siRNAs inhibited both mRNA expression and the activity of P. aeruginosa in vitro. In vivo, siRNA was effective in reducing the bacterial load in the model of chronic lung infection and the P. aeruginosa-induced pathological changes. MexB-siRNA treatment enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines in the early infection stage (P＜0.05). Our results suggest that targeting of MexB with siRNA appears to be a novel strategy for treating P. aeruginosa infections.

[Role of CD4-CD8- T cells in the murine hepatitis virus type 3 induced chronic viral hepatitis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate role of CD4-CD8- T cells in murine hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV-3) induced chronic viral hepatitis in C3H/Hej mice and to identify their surface markers. METHODS: Thirty C3H/Hej mice received 10 Pfu MHV-3 intraperitoneally, the CD4-CD8- T cells were isolated using magnetic bead sorting on 0, 4, 15, 30, 40 days post MHV-3 infection. The cytotoxic effects of CD4-CD8- T cells on normal and infected hepatocytes, CD8+ T cells and unrelated-virus (murine cytomegalovirus, MCMV) infected CD8+ T cells were examined by non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay. The surface markers of CD4-CD8- T cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: MHV-3 infected CD4-CD8- T cells showed significant cytotoxic effect on CD8+ T cells, but not on infected hepatocytes or MCMV infected CD8+ T cells. The analysis of cell surface markers demonstrated that the CD4-CD8- T cells are a completely new T cell subset. CONCLUSIONS: CD4-CD8- T cells have significant cytotoxic effect on virus specific CD8+ T cells in MHV-3 infected C3H/Hej mice, which suggests that CD4-CD8- T cells have immune modulatory functions in the development of chronic viral hepatitis. The phenotype of these CD4-CD8- T cells detected by flow cytometry is TCR alpha beta +CD3+CD4- CD8- CD25- CD28- CD30- CD44+.

[Analysis of clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of Crohn disease: a report of 82 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the clinical types of Crohn disease and evaluate its surgical treatment. METHODS: Clinical data of 82 cases with Crohn disease were retrospectively analyzed from June 1972 to June 2003. RESULTS: Among 82 cases with Crohn disease,38 cases were diagnosed before operation,and 44 cases(53.7% ) were misdiagnosed. Main clinical manifestations included abdominal pain(96.3% ),diarrhea(89.0% ) and abdominal mass(28.0% ),other clinical manifestations included fistulation,intestinal hemorrhage and extra- intestinal manifestations such as ulcerative stomatitis,mycotic stomatitis. Patients received different surgical procedures as following: partial enterectomy in 57 cases,hemicolectomy and colostomy in 4 patients,partial ileectomy and ileostomy in 2,ileocolic bypass procedure in 3 patients,partial enterectomy and colectomy and anastomosis in 3 patients because of internal fistula,repair of ileal perforation in 2,lysis of adhesion in 6,drainage of intraperitoneal abscess and ostomy in 3,radical operation in 2 due to colon cancerization. Seventy- three cases(89.0% ) were cured by operation,postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients and 2 cases died. CONCLUSION: It is the key point to achieve successful operation that the corresponding operative modes respectively for varied types of Crohn disease should be adopted.