RESUMO
The global community is actively pursuing alternative energy sources to mitigate environmental concerns and decrease dependence on fossil fuels. Biodiesel, recognized as a clean and eco-friendly fuel with advantages over petroleum-based alternatives, has been identified as a viable substitute. However, its commercialization encounters challenges due to costly production processes. Establishing a more efficient supply chain for mass production and distribution could surmount these obstacles, rendering biodiesel a cost-effective solution. Despite numerous review articles across various renewable energy supply chain domains, there remains a gap in the literature specifically addressing the biodiesel supply chain network design. This research entails a comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) focusing on the design of biodiesel supply chain networks. The primary objective is to formulate an economically, environmentally, and socially optimized supply chain framework. The review also seeks to offer a holistic overview of pertinent technical terms and key activities involved in these supply chains. Through this SLR, a thorough examination and synthesis of existing literature will yield valuable insights into the design and optimization of biodiesel supply chains. Additionally, it will identify critical research gaps in the field, proposing the exploration of fourth-generation feedstocks, integration of multi-channel chains, and the incorporation of sustainability and resilience aspects into the supply chain network design. These proposed areas aim to address existing knowledge gaps and enhance the overall effectiveness of biodiesel supply chain networks.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Biocombustíveis/provisão & distribuiçãoRESUMO
Nurses play a vital role in the delivery, quality improvement of healthcare services, and promoting patient health. Therefore, methods of providing nurses are an important issue. This study was conducted to collect evidence on the methods of providing nurses and their advantages and disadvantages by a scoping review method. The Arksey and O'Malley Framework and PRISMA were used in directing the present scoping review. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to conduct the review and report on results. The ISI Web of science, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published between January 2010 and December 2020 using the keywords and their synonyms. Finally, 19 articles out of 1813 ones to answer the research questions were selected. The results showed that although two general methods are for the employment status of nurses (full-time and part-time nurses), different classification countries are dissimilar from each other. A total of 13 advantages and 20 disadvantages of the part-time pattern and 6 advantages and 4 disadvantages were extracted from the full-time pattern of studies. None of the patterns has precedence over the other. Despite the strengths and weaknesses, each of the full-time or part-time patterns in its position is beneficial. With proper management and planning, it is possible to minimize their weaknesses and benefited from their advantages. Training part-time nurses to maintain and improve their level is a key point in reducing the disadvantages of this pattern.
