[Microflora of pharyngeal mucosa in children with solid tumors].

Microbiological study of pharyngeal mucosa in 43 children with solid tumors revealed that 77.2% of isolated microorganisms belonged to Gram-positive flora. It was shown that streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus were the main species. Species composition of streptococci included both pyogenic (S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. equi) andviridans species (S. acidominimus, S. oralis and "S. milleri" group). Nocardioform actinomycetes, corynebacteria and other staphylococci were referred to additional microflora. Accidental microflora was represented by Neisseria spp., non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, enterobacteria and yeast-like fungi. Microbiologic study of pharyngeal mucosa biocenosis showed that monoculture was present only in 2.3% of cases; in other cases microorganisms formed both intra-genus and inter-species associations. 2-6-component associations were revealed with predominance of 3-4-component associations (37.2% and 32.6% respectively). Relationship of distribution of microorganisms belonging to main and additional microflora was revealed.

[Some indices of gastrointestinal tract status in children cured fro malignant neoplasms]. / Nekotorye pokazateli sostoianiia zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u detei, izlechennykh ot zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii.

A total of 2255 individuals who cured from oncological diseases in childhood in Moscow in 1978 to 1997 have been studied. Most (60%) children undergone special treatment have serious visceral abnormalities. The authors examined the negative impact of a special treatment on the gastrointestinal mucosa and changes in its function after termination of special therapy in 79 cured patients. The most common diagnosed abnormalities included biliary dyskinesis (17-20%), dysbacterioris (16%), gastritis (7%). No abnormal gastrointestinal changes were detected in 37%.

[Tyrosine metabolism, antioxidative system and free radical lipid oxidative processes in children with pigmented nevus and melanoma]. / Metabolism tirozina, sostoianie antioksidantnoi sistemy i protsessov svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia lipidov u detei, stradaiushchikh pigmentnym nevusom i melanomoi.

The plasma levels of tyrosine and the lipid peroxidation intermediate malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured in children with pigmental nevus and melanoma. They were found to have antioxidative protective failure. The presence of pigmental nevus predetermines the high incidence of tyrosine metabolic abnormalities. In children with pigmental nevus and melanoma, there was an impairment in the correlation of the parameters of tyrosine metabolism, the rate of free radical lipid peroxidation processes, and the status of the antioxidative system. The findings suggest that children with pigmental nevus may be referred to as a high cancer risk group and monitoring of these parameters should be recommended at follow-up of pigmental nevi.

[Preliminary results of the study of physical health parameters in people treated for retroperitoneal neoplasms in childhood]. / Pervye rezul'taty izucheniia pokazatelei fizicheskogo zdorov'ia u lits, v detstve izlechennykh ot zlokachestvennykh opukholei zabriushinnogo prostranstva.

Physical status of 172 former cases of retroperitoneal tumors was investigated. As a result of treatment for cancer, former patients revealed changes in the urinary (62.5%), cardiovascular (25%) systems and gastrointestinal tract (71.5%). These indices, however, stayed within the morbidity rates in the total population.

[The revaccination against diphtheria and tetanus with adsorbed DT-m anatoxin of children having solid tumors in their case histories]. / Revaktsinatsiia protiv difterii i stolbniaka ADS-m anatoksinom detei, imeiushchikh v anamneze solidnye opukholi.

Data on the safety and effect of the vaccination of children with solid tumors are presented. As revealed in this study, the injection of adsorbed DT-m toxoid with reduced antigen content at the period of remission does not induce the relapse of the disease and leads to the production of specific antitoxic antibodies on the protective level. The study has shown that complex antitumor treatment does not essentially affect the formation of specific immune response, though prolonged changes in cell-mediated immunity can be observed.

[Experience in treating Nephroblastomas]. / Nash opyt lecheniia nefroblastom.

The treatment of nephroblastomas which accounts for 72% of all malignant neoplasms in children is one of the topical problems of pediatric oncology. To detect the tumor at early stages of a tumorous process is one of the main conditions of successful treatment for nephroblastomas. The histological types of nephroblastoma, its international classifications and present-day treatment policy are given. A role of radiation treatment is shown at pre- and postoperative therapeutical stages. Drugs, their combinations, and the efficiency of polychemotherapy regimens in use are outlined. The importance of comprehensive examination of the patient to determine the extent of malignancy and to choose adequate antitumor treatment regimens is emphasized.