RESUMO
Surgery on the eye is performed using topical anesthesia, retrobulbar anesthesia, peribulbar anesthesia, and general anesthesia. Retrobulbar anesthesia is associated with a number of complications that include apnea (respiratory arrest), seizures, or both. Although these complications are transient and self-limiting, they can be life-threatening if not recognized and treated early. We report two patients who developed apnea, one of whom had cardiorespiratory arrest; and two other patients who presented with seizures. We provided ventilation with 100% oxygen, treated the hypertension with nicardipine, and the tachycardia with esmolol. The patients did not have any residual complications.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Locais/efeitos adversos , Apneia/induzido quimicamente , Apneia/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos OftalmológicosRESUMO
The term minimally invasive cardiac surgery encompasses a number of different techniques, each with its own rationale, origin, and development, but all focusing on limiting the physiologic trespass of cardiac surgery on the patient. In this article, we discuss the application of intraoperative echocardiography to three types of these procedures: Offpump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCABG) surgery, valvular surgery through limited thoracic incisions, and port-access heart surgery.
