Endoscopic Reconstruction of the Sellar Floor by Extended Inferior Turbinate Flap in Recurrent Pituitary Tumors.

Objective This aim of this study was to address the outcome of endoscopic reconstruction of the sellar floor by extended inferior turbinate flap. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective study of 34 patients with a recurrent pituitary tumor. They were treated between March 2018 and December 2021 by endoscopic extended endonasal approach with the reconstruction of the sellar floor by an extended posterior pedicle inferior turbinate flap. The clinical and radiological follow-up was performed immediately postoperation and regularly every 3 months up to 1 year, and the available data from the last follow-up visit were included in the analysis. Results The patients' age ranged between 40 and 65 years, with a slight female predominance (55.9%). Headache was the main presentation (47.1%), and functional tumors were found in 50.0% patients. Visual disturbances were field defects among 61.8% and papilledema among 52.9% patients. Preoperative endoscopy revealed postseptectomy as the significant finding (73.5%), followed by postseptectomy and adhesion (14.7%) and finally postseptectomy and hypertrophied inferior turbinate (11.8%). Total tumor resection was achieved in 76.5%, visual improvement was recorded in 52.9%, and no complications were reported in 82.4% patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was not reported in any of the studied patients. Finally, total resection was significantly associated with younger age, non-functioning tumor and improvement of headache. Conclusion The extended inferior turbinate flap is an effective and safe approach for sellar floor reconstruction in endoscopic endonasal surgery for recurrent pituitary tumors. The extension overcomes the relatively small inferior flap and its limited arc of rotation.

Hepato-renal protective impact of nanocapsulated Petroselinum crispum and Anethum graveolens essential oils added in fermented milk against some food additives via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects: In silico and in vivo studies.

The study assessed the efficacy of parsley and dill essential oils (EOs) nanocapsules incorporated into fermented milk in hepato-renal protection against specific food additives. A molecular docking assay was conducted between parsley and dill EOs bioactive molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Freeze-dried parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules were developed, characterized for their morphological structure, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency and assessed in fast green dye and sodium benzoate (SB) combination-treated rats. The docking results revealed that the primary constituents of parsley and dill EOs (apiol, myristicin, α-pinene, (-)-carvone, and d-limonene) interacted with the active sites of TNF-α, IL-1ß and TGF-1ß cytokines with hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. D-limonene had the highest binding affinity (6.4 kcal/mol) for the TNF-α. Apiol and myristicin had the highest binding affinity (5.1, 5.0, 5.0 and 5.0 kcal/mol, respectively) for the IL-1ß and TGF-ß1 receptors. Biochemically and histopathologically, the excessive co-administration of fast green and SB revealed adverse effects on the liver and the kidney. Whereas the treatment with parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules afford hepato-renal protective effects as manifested by suppression the elevated liver and kidney functions. Parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules showed a significant reduction of the liver (64.08 and 80.5 pg/g, respectively) and kidney (59.3 and 83.6 pg/g, respectively) ROS. Moreover, parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules down-regulated the liver and the kidney inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ß and TGF-1ß) and lipid peroxidation and up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, the data suggest a potential hepato-renal protective effects of parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules.

The impact of long term COVID-19 infection on the patients' erectile function and on anxiety and on depression as well as the impact of daily tadalafil 5 mg supplementation in patients with erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: The study examined the impact of long term COVID-19 infection on the patients' erectile function and anxiety and depression in the same patients as well as the impact of daily tadalafil 5 mg supplementation on their erectile function. METHODS: Recovered 114 men were evaluated by the validated Arabic version of the international index of erectile function (ArIIEF-5) and the Arabic versions of the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) at time of presentation, at 3 months and at 6 months, respectively. Forty recovered patients who still complained of ED received tadalafil 5 mg daily for 2 months then were evaluated again at 3 and 6 months by penile duplex, the Arabic versions of the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) at the same periods, respectively. RESULTS: At the time of presentation, there was a positive correlation between the severity of COVID-19 infection, ArIIEF-5 and PHQ-9 (r = 0.249, p = 0.008; r = 0.241, p = 0.010, respectively). Most of the patients showed normal penile duplex parameters. There were 40 ED patients at presentation, 5 ED patients at 3 months and 3 ED patients at 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ED in COVID-19 patients who were not suffering from chronic illnesses before the affection, is primarily psychological and completely responsive to tadalafil.

Persistent and Recurrent Device-Related Thrombus After Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Scarce data exist on the evolution of device-related thrombus (DRT) after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess the incidence, predictors, and clinical impact of persistent and recurrent DRT in LAAC recipients. METHODS: Data were obtained from an international multicenter registry including 237 patients diagnosed with DRT after LAAC. Of these, 214 patients with a subsequent imaging examination after the initial diagnosis of DRT were included. Unfavorable evolution of DRT was defined as either persisting or recurrent DRT. RESULTS: DRT resolved in 153 (71.5%) cases and persisted in 61 (28.5%) cases. Larger DRT size (OR per 1-mm increase: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.15; P = 0.009) and female (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.12-5.26; P = 0.02) were independently associated with persistent DRT. After DRT resolution, 82 (53.6%) of 153 patients had repeated device imaging, with 14 (17.1%) cases diagnosed with recurrent DRT. Overall, 75 (35.0%) patients had unfavorable evolution of DRT, and the sole predictor was average thrombus size at initial diagnosis (OR per 1-mm increase: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03-1.16; P = 0.003), with an optimal cutoff size of 7 mm (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.39-4.52; P = 0.002). Unfavorable evolution of DRT was associated with a higher rate of thromboembolic events compared with resolved DRT (26.7% vs 15.1%; HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.15-3.94; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: About one-third of DRT events had an unfavorable evolution (either persisting or recurring), with a larger initial thrombus size (particularly >7 mm) portending an increased risk. Unfavorable evolution of DRT was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of thromboembolic events compared with resolved DRT.

Periprosthetic acetabular fractures as a complication of total hip arthroplasty.

Periprosthetic acetabular fractures are rare but potentially devastating complications of total hip arthroplasty. As the number of total hip arthroplasties performed annually increases, so has the incidence of periprosthetic fractures, with the topic being spotlighted more frequently in the orthopaedic community. There is a particular sparsity of literature regarding periprosthetic acetabular fractures, with periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty being traditionally far more commonly reported. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, classifications, and management strategies for periprosthetic acetabular fractures after total hip arthroplasty.

The Use of Midodrine as an Adjunctive Therapy to Liberate Patients from Intravenous Vasopressors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating the role of midodrine as an adjunctive therapy to liberate patients with shock from intravenous (IV) vasopressors have yielded mixed results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of midodrine as an adjunctive therapy to liberate patients with shock from IV vasopressors. METHODS: Electronic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through April 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the use of midodrine versus control in patients with shock and a low dose of IV vasopressors. The primary outcome was total IV vasopressor time, while the secondary outcomes included time-to-IV vasopressor discontinuation, IV vasopressor restart, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and incidence of bradycardia. RESULTS: The final analysis included four RCTs with a total of 314 patients: 158 in the midodrine group and 156 in the control group, with a weighted mean age of 64 years (54.2% men). There was no significant difference in the total IV vasopressor time between the midodrine and control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] - 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.38 to 0.32, p = 0.22; I2 = 92%). Also, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the time-to-IV vasopressor discontinuation (SMD - 0.05; 95% CI - 0.57 to 0.47, p = 0.09), IV vasopressor restart (19.3 vs. 28.3%; risk ratio [RR] 0.74; 95% 0.25-2.20, p = 0.59), ICU LOS (SMD - 0.49; 95% CI - 1.30 to 0.33, p = 0.24), and hospital LOS (SMD 0.01; 95% CI - 0.27 to 0.29, p = 0.92). However, compared with the control group, the midodrine group had a higher risk of bradycardia (15.3 vs. 2.1% RR 5.56; 95% CI 1.54-20.05, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with vasopressor-dependent shock, midodrine was not associated with early liberation of vasopressor support or shorter ICU or hospital length of stay. Adding midodrine increased the risk of bradycardia. Further large RCTs are needed to better evaluate the efficacy and safety of midodrine in liberating patients from IV vasopressors.

The Emerging Era of Interventional Imaging in Rheumatology: An Overview During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

Imaging has long been taking its place in the diagnosis, monitor, and prognosis of rheumatic diseases. It plays a vital role in the appraisal of treatment. Key progress in the clinical practice of rheumatology is the innovation of advanced imaging modalities; such as musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These modalities introduced a promising noninvasive method for visualizing bone and soft tissues to enable an improved diagnosis. The use of MSUS in rheumatology is considered a landmark in the evolution of the specialty and its ease of use and many applications in rheumatic diseases make it a forerunner instrument in the practice. The use of MSUS among rheumatologists must parallel the development rate of the excellence revealed in the specialty. Moreover, innovative interventional imaging in rheumatology (III-R) is gaining fame and key roles in the near future for a comprehensive management of rheumatic diseases with precision. This review article throws light on the emergence of these robust innovations that may reshape the guidelines and practice in rheumatology, in particular, efforts to enhance best practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are endorsed.

Assessment of the intracavernosal injection platelet-rich plasma in addition to daily oral tadalafil intake in diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction non-responding to on-demand oral PDE5 inhibitors.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ICI of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in addition to daily oral tadalafil intake in diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) patients non-responding to PDE5 inhibitors. Overall, 48 patients complaining of ED non-responding to on-demand PDE5 inhibitors were allocated into 2 equal groups, diabetics and non-diabetics that were given a daily dose of 5 mg tadalafil plus vardenafil 20 mg on demand during the study besides being subjected to 3 doses of ICI of PRP, 4 weeks apart. Responses to on-demand PDE5 inhibitors, International index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) score, erection hardness scores (EHS) and pharmaco-dynamic duplex studies were assessed. After PRP injections, 33% and 50% of cases were satisfied with on-demand PDE5 inhibitors, respectively, whereas 41% and 66% of them showed improved EHS response. Compared with baseline scores, the mean IIEF-5 scores were significantly improved after PRP therapy in the diabetic ED group (12.1 vs. 8.04, p = 0.003) as well as in the non-diabetic ED group (14.8 vs. 10.2, p = 0.001) linked to pharmaco-penile duplex readings. Both good and fair diabetic control exhibited significant responses to ICI therapy of PRP compared with bad controlled cases. The significant improvement included; the IIEF-5 score increase (86.7%, 126% vs. 16.1%), improved EHS as well as penile duplex readings. Baseline HbA1C demonstrated a significant negative correlation with IIEF-5 score before (p = 0.019) and after PRP therapy (p = 0.002) respectively. It could be concluded that ICI of PRP could be an effective therapy for treating ED patients non-responding to on-demand oral PDE5 treatment.

Hepatoprotective effect of Baicalin against thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis in rats: Targeting NOX4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.

AIM: Liver cirrhosis is the result of a vicious cycle of both chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4) and its companion, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, are emerging as therapeutic targets of liver fibrosis. MAIN METHODS: Baicalin (BA), a natural flavone, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential against cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, twice/week) for 12 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two doses of BA were administered (25 and 75 mg/kg/day, orally, a week after TAA was stopped and continued for 4 weeks). KEY FINDINGS: BA was able to reduce fibrosis visualized by Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical staining of the hepatic α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-ß1. Moreover, BA was able to ameliorate inflammation by reducing hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome subunits, NLRP3 and caspase-1, both parts of the complex responsible for the activation of different interleukins (IL), measured as IL-1ß. In addition, BA was able to reduce hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-driven inflammation through IL-6. BA targeted inflammation through its anti-oxidant ability evidenced by the enhancement of the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity and level, respectively, and the reduction of both hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) contents. Treatment with BA significantly decreased TAA-induced elevation in hepatic NOX4, a key enzyme for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). SIGNIFICANCE: therefore, the study could conclude, the anti-fibrotic effect of BA through TGF- ß1/NOX4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, exerting both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.

A new homoisoflavan from Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. resin: α-glucosidase and COX-II inhibitory activity.

A new homoisoflavan, identified as (3 R)-7-hydroxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyhomoisoflavan, was isolated from Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. resin. The structure was elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy as well as high resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, a diverse group of flavonoids were isolated, representing homoisoflavans, flavans, flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones. The compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and COX-II inhibition activity. The obtained IC50 values of the tested flavonoids gave an insight about some key structural features to their α-glucosidase and COX-II inhibitory activity. For α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, a flavanone skeleton was favorable over a flavan. For COX-II inhibition, the introduction of a fused heterocyclic ring at the homoisoflavan skeleton enhanced the activity.

Availability and Suitability of Digital Health Tools in Africa for Pandemic Control: Scoping Review and Cluster Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Gaining oversight into the rapidly growing number of mobile health tools for surveillance or outbreak management in Africa has become a challenge. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to map the functional portfolio of mobile health tools used for surveillance or outbreak management of communicable diseases in Africa. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review by combining data from a systematic review of the literature and a telephone survey of experts. We applied the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines by searching for articles published between January 2010 and December 2020. In addition, we used the respondent-driven sampling method and conducted a telephone survey from October 2019 to February 2020 among representatives from national public health institutes from all African countries. We combined the findings and used a hierarchical clustering method to group the tools based on their functionalities (attributes). RESULTS: We identified 30 tools from 1914 publications and 45 responses from 52% (28/54) of African countries. Approximately 13% of the tools (4/30; Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System, Go.Data, CommCare, and District Health Information Software 2) covered 93% (14/15) of the identified attributes. Of the 30 tools, 17 (59%) tools managed health event data, 20 (67%) managed case-based data, and 28 (97%) offered a dashboard. Clustering identified 2 exceptional attributes for outbreak management, namely contact follow-up (offered by 8/30, 27%, of the tools) and transmission network visualization (offered by Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System and Go.Data). CONCLUSIONS: There is a large range of tools in use; however, most of them do not offer a comprehensive set of attributes, resulting in the need for public health workers having to use multiple tools in parallel. Only 13% (4/30) of the tools cover most of the attributes, including those most relevant for response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as laboratory interface, contact follow-up, and transmission network visualization.

Functional and Clinical Outcomes of Combined Simultaneous Bilateral Anterior Distal Femoral Plate Hemiepiphysiodesis and Hamstrings Release in Management of Knee Flexion Contractures in Children With Neuromuscular Disorders.

BACKGROUND: We examined the clinical and functional outcomes of the simultaneous anterior distal femoral 8-plate hemiepiphysiodesis (ADF8PH) and hamstring release, for fixed knee flexion deformity in children with neuromuscular disease. To our knowledge, no published evidence is available that reports the outcomes of this combined techniques. METHODS: Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 19 consecutive children who underwent bilateral ADF8PH and concomitant hamstrings release in our institution from 2012 to 2019. Relevant demographics, Gross Motor Functional Classification Score and preoperative and postoperative knee flexion contractures and popliteal angles were documented. RESULTS: The average age at the time of operation was 12±2.1 years. There were 15 males and 4 females. Diagnoses included cerebral palsy (n=16), Cornelia de Lange syndrome (n=1), hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56 (n=1) and fructose-1,6 bisphosphonate aldose B deficiency (n=1). Mean length of follow-up was 3.8 years (range: 1.5 to 7 y). Mean fixed knee flexion deformity improved from 28.9 to 13.4 degrees (P<0.001) at an average correction rate of 0.94 degrees per month. Mean popliteal angle improved from 81.8 to 44.4 degrees (P<0.001) in the early postoperative phase and to 51.8 degrees (P<0.001) in latest clinic review. Mean time to correction was 18.9 months. The agreed treatment goals of maintaining or promoting the use of standing frame and spinal/postural symmetry was attained in 18 patients (94.7%). Postoperative knee pain was reported in 2 cases (10.5%). We report 2 complications; 1 case of neurapraxia and 1 case of sepsis because of respiratory infection. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous bilateral ADF8PH with hamstrings release is a promising effective technique for correction of knee flexion contractures in skeletally immature individuals with neuromuscular disabilities. Our findings demonstrate improvement in clinical outcomes and maintaining functional outcomes, indicating the validity of this approach as a satisfactory, less invasive alternative in the management of this deformity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-therapeutic study.

Smoking status and the baseline international index of erectile function score can predict satisfactory response to platelet-rich plasma in patients with erectile dysfunction: A prospective pilot study.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition with a significant impact on the quality of life. Regenerative medicine maladies are intended to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs through different therapeutic mechanisms. Our aim was to study the effect of intra-corporeal injection (ICI) of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in ED patients. Thirty-four patients' erectile function was evaluated by filling up an abridged form of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) before and after PRP therapy. ICI of PRP was done once per week for 2 months. All patients were prescribed PDE5Is for one month after PRP therapy. Penile haemodynamics was assessed using 20 µg of PGE1 before and 3 months after initiating PRP therapy. Interestingly, our study had shown that there was a statistically significant difference in the IIEF-5 score after ICI of PRP (-5.5, ±5.2, p=<0.001). Furthermore, in multiple logistic regression model for PRP responsiveness, smoking and IIEF score before PRP were the only significant independent variables (p = .040, p = .023 respectively). PRP injection for ED patients may be a promising modality as well as baseline IIEF-5, and smoking status can be used as predictors for a satisfactory response to PRP in such patients.

Predictors of Device-Related Thrombus Following Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion.

BACKGROUND: Device-related thrombus (DRT) has been considered an Achilles' heel of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). However, data on DRT prediction remain limited. OBJECTIVES: This study constructed a DRT registry via a multicenter collaboration aimed to assess outcomes and predictors of DRT. METHODS: Thirty-seven international centers contributed LAAO cases with and without DRT (device-matched and temporally related to the DRT cases). This study described the management patterns and mid-term outcomes of DRT and assessed patient and procedural predictors of DRT. RESULTS: A total of 711 patients (237 with and 474 without DRT) were included. Follow-up duration was similar in the DRT and no-DRT groups, median 1.8 years (interquartile range: 0.9-3.0 years) versus 1.6 years (interquartile range: 1.0-2.9 years), respectively (P = 0.76). DRTs were detected between days 0 to 45, 45 to 180, 180 to 365, and >365 in 24.9%, 38.8%, 16.0%, and 20.3% of patients. DRT presence was associated with a higher risk of the composite endpoint of death, ischemic stroke, or systemic embolization (HR: 2.37; 95% CI, 1.58-3.56; P < 0.001) driven by ischemic stroke (HR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.35-9.00; P = 0.01). At last known follow-up, 25.3% of patients had DRT. Discharge medications after LAAO did not have an impact on DRT. Multivariable analysis identified 5 DRT risk factors: hypercoagulability disorder (odds ratio [OR]: 17.50; 95% CI: 3.39-90.45), pericardial effusion (OR: 13.45; 95% CI: 1.46-123.52), renal insufficiency (OR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.22-13.25), implantation depth >10 mm from the pulmonary vein limbus (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.57-3.69), and non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.22-2.97). Following conversion to risk factor points, patients with ≥2 risk points for DRT had a 2.1-fold increased risk of DRT compared with those without any risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: DRT after LAAO is associated with ischemic events. Patient- and procedure-specific factors are associated with the risk of DRT and may aid in risk stratification of patients referred for LAAO.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a review.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a form of idiopathic systolic heart failure which occurs during the end of pregnancy or the early post-partum in the absence of an identifiable etiology. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown, and the incidence is higher in African ancestry, multiparous and hypertensive women, or older maternal age. Delay in diagnosis is common, mainly because symptoms of heart failure mimic those of normal pregnancy. Echocardiography showing decreased myocardial function is at the center of the diagnosis. Management relies on the general guidelines of management of other forms of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy; however, special attention should be paid when choosing medications to ensure fetal safety. Outcomes can be variable and can range from complete recovery to persistent heart failure requiring transplant or even death. High rates of relapse with subsequent pregnancies can occur, especially with incomplete myocardial recovery. Additional research about the etiology, experimental drugs, prognosis, and duration of treatment after recovery are needed.

The Impact and Management of Gynaecomastia in Klinefelter Syndrome.

Gynecomastia is defined as a palpable enlargement of the male breast, secondary to an increase in the glandular and stromal breast tissue. Gynecomastia is encountered in up to 80% of Klinefelter syndrome cases. The pathophysiology involves testosterone/estrogen imbalance. This review article will further explore the pathophysiology of gynecomastia along with the different lines of management.

A unique C-linked chalcone-dihydrochalcone dimer from Dracaena cinnabari resin.

A new C-linked chalcone-dihydrochalcone dimer, named dracidione, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of dragon's blood resin of Dracaena cinnabari Balf. f. Structure elucidation of the new compound was carried out by means of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy in addition to high resolution mass spectrometry. The unique structure incorporated a chalcone and a dihydrochalcone, which is reported for the first time from nature. Furthermore, dracidione showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50= 40.27 µg/ml.

A novel 3D technique to assess symmetry of hemi pelvises.

Anatomical reconstruction of pelvic fractures has been shown to affect functional outcome. Using the contra lateral side of the extremities to create a template for an ipsilateral reconstruction is common practice in orthopedic surgery. We aimed to assess whether hemi pelvises are symmetrical in terms of translation and rotation using 3D reconstruction, point to point mirroring and merging of the 3D created volumes, a method with previous proven high precision and accuracy. CT images of ten randomly selected patients were used. The DICOM images were converted to STL files. Three dimensional images of left hemi pelvis were reversed and merged with the right side. The posterior aspect of the pelvises was considered static and the anterior aspect as moving. Differences in translation and rotation were measured. There were no statistically significant differences between right and left hemi pelvis. The 95% confidence interval (CI) for all mean angular differences between right hemi pelvis and mirrored left hemi pelvis were - 2° to 1.5°. The 95% CI for all mean translational differences between these two objects were - 2.3 to 2.9 mm. Differences between the right hemi pelvis and the mirrored images of the left hemi pelvis for any patient greater than 3 mm or 2 degrees could be excluded with a 95% confidence. The left and right hemi pelvis of healthy adults are symmetrical enough. The pre-operative planning based on a healthy contra lateral side seems reasonable.

Functional yogurt aims to protect against the aflatoxin B1 toxicity in rats.

Recently, the rise of mycotoxin contamination in food materials was found to be due to several factors, including climatic changes' impact. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a novel food product that allows the reduction of aflatoxin impact in animal tissues. Chicory root-extract (CRE) was evaluated for its active components, antioxidant potency, and antimicrobial activity. The CRE was utilized to produce functional yogurt (FY) that was evaluated in-vivo using experimental rats. The CRE showed high antioxidant activity and recorded valuable content of the active components. Results also showed a high antimicrobial effect against toxigenic fungal strains. The results have reflected the efficiency of the FY to suppress aflatoxin impacts in the animal tissues and biochemical parameters of rats-serum. An enhancement was recorded inliver and kidney functions for rats taking FY with the presence of aflatoxin. It was concluded that consumption of the FY assisted in suppression of the oxidative stress in rats-tissues.