Melanoma Prognosis and Associated Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Semantic Map Analysis.

The overall patterns of correlations among various melanoma risk factors have not yet been examined. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different parameters on disease-free and melanoma-related overall survival. A retrospective cohort study was conducted encompassing all patients with a primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in a university referral centre. Associations were explored using semantic map analysis, which uses graph theory to find the strongest path of connections between variables. A total of 1,110 melanoma patients (median follow-up 10.6 years) were included. The analysis revealed a clustering of variables around 2 main hubs: Breslow thickness < 1 mm and ≥ 4 mm. Factors connected with high melanoma thickness were: older age, positive sentinel lymph node biopsy findings, presence of ulceration, nodular melanoma type, and light skin phototype. Both disease-free and melanoma-related overall survival were in this cluster and connected with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy and Breslow ≥ 4 mm. Patients with Breslow between 1 and 3.9 mm were also in this cluster and linked with negative sentinel lymph node biopsy, nodular melanoma and safety distance > 10 mm. This semantic analysis confirmed the close link between Breslow thickness, age, sentinel lymph node biopsy findings, skin type, melanoma subtype and prognosis, and provides prognostic information useful for the further stratification and management of patients with melanoma.

Post-Irradiation Morphea of the Breast in a Patient with Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: Case Report and a Literature Review.

The appearance of morphea after radiotherapy, especially in the context of breast cancer, is a rare but known phenomenon. The incidence of post-irradiation morphea (PIM) of the breast is approximately one in every 500 patients, a higher rate than morphea of any other etiology, which is three per 100,000 per year. PIM usually appears less than 1 year after irradiation (range 1 month to 32 years). The histological pattern of PIM is different from the one in post-irradiation fibrosis, which is a common side effect of radiotherapy and usually appears during the first 3 months after irradiation. Several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of PIM, probably caused by a disturbance of the cytokine pattern. The development of PIM in patients with autoimmune diseases has been described in the literature. To our knowledge, we report the first case of PIM in a patient with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We should therefore pay attention when looking at patients with PIM to search for an underlying autoimmune disease.

Papular Epidermal Nevus with "Skyline" Basal Cell Layer Syndrome - Natural Course: Case Report and Literature Review.

Papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer (PENS) is a very rare type of keratinocytic nevus and is associated with extracutaneous findings such as neurological symptoms in about 50% of the cases. Therefore, it is also referred to as PENS syndrome. Clinically visible hyperkeratotic papules and plaques already appear at birth or shortly thereafter, while neurological symptoms such as epilepsy and mental retardation manifest themselves during childhood. Genetics suggests gonadal mosaicism as a possible cause for the disease. Another hypothesis is that genetic mutation can occur in a mendelian trait or through a paradominant inheritance.