Bone marrow stem cells repopulate thyroid in X-ray regeneration in mice.

The aim of this study was to clarify the regeneration mechanisms of thyroid in post-irradiated C57Bl/6 mice chimeric with transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive C57Bl/6 mice after 5 and 7.5Gy X-ray exposures with the aid of morphological and immunocytochemical research of GFP-positive cell distribution. Cryostat slides of larynxes with thyroid glands were fixed by mixture of cold methanol and ethanol, cell nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. After immunocytochemical staining the slides of larynx with thyroid gland were investigated by means of confocal LSM 5 PASCAL microscope. True GFP nature of green signals in tissue slides was confirmed via additional treatment by anti-GFP antibody and Texas Red labeled second antibody. Separate GFP-positive cells were observed in the walls of follicles and between follicles of chimeric mice 9-10 months after X-ray exposure. GFP signal was viewed as cytoplasmic droplets and within the colloid of follicles. The share of GFP-positive follicles reached 6.1±1.8%. There was also co-localization of GFP signals and positive staining for thyroglobulin by monoclonal antibody. As many as 20.8±1.8% among all propidium iodide positive blood cells and 52.3±8.3% among propidium iodide positive bone marrow cells were at the same time GFP-positive. In conclusion, the results show that the bone marrow stem cells participate in the thyroid gland regeneration after 5Gy X-ray exposure.

Autoimmune regulation of genetically determined cell functions in health and disease.

Autoimmunity and its contradictory nature in autopathokinesis have drawn attention from the emergence of immunology as a science. The properties of antibodies (AB) towards nuclear antigens (AGs) of endocrine cells are both theoretically and clinically hot topics as are their applications in the modulation of genetically determined cell functions. In this review we discuss the AB production after immunization of animals with nuclear AGs, their immunospecificity and the mechanisms of their intracellular penetration and association with nuclear proteins. There are data on the presence of similar autoAGs and corresponding autoABs in the blood of intact animals. The ABs towards nuclear components appear to be able to penetrate into the nuclei of the endocrine cells through mechanism(s) different from, e.g. ACTH, at least in adrenals. This suggests that autoimmunity is one of the mechanisms in the physiological regulation of cellular morphogenesis and functions. Physiological autoimmunity thus contributes to the bringing-together and co-tuning of genetic information reading. At the same time, however, the literature on autoimmunity has mostly been concentrated on eliciting a particular disease only. Apparently, this requires special reconsideration.

[Effect of anti-histone antibodies on the nuclear apparatus of thymocytes of intact and irradiated rats]. / Issledovanie vliianiia antigistonovykh antitel na iaderni apparat timotsitov intaktnykh i obluchennykh krys.

The interaction of specific immunoglobulins G to the histone H1 with the thymocytes of intact animals has been demonstrated to increase the reception of acridine orange (AO) in nuclear chromatin. This raises the rate of AO fluorescence and lowers the level of light polarization. This may result from occurring decondensation processes. On the other hand, the interaction of antihistone antibodies with irradiated rat thymocytes causes no changes in the package of nuclear chromatin, which is likely to be due to destructive processes which take place in the cells in response to radiation. The immunoglobulins G to the core histone H2B produce an insignificant effect on the condensation rate of the nuclear material of thymocytes both from intact and irradiated animals.

[Laser therapy in acute nonspecific epididymo-orchitis]. / Lazernaia terapiia pri ostrom nespetsificheskom épididimoorkhite.

Laboratory experiments were followed by clinical investigations of low-intensity laser radiation (LR) feasibility in therapy of acute epididymo-orchitis. A total of 117 patients aged 15-68 were treated with mild, moderate and severe scrotal inflammation. The response was compared to that in physiotherapy (54 patients) and early surgery (40 patients). It proved higher by 38.5%, the proportion of the treatment failure diminished from 22.2% for conservative and 15% for surgical management to 7.7%. The duration of acute inflammation reduced to 3 days. There was a marked analgetic effect, arrest of intoxication, hyperthermia, autoimmune reactions. Scarring could be avoided. The discussion covers mechanisms of therapeutic action of laser therapy which is proposed for broad-scale application in any run of the inflammation. The test is suggested for the final choice of therapy to be made on day 2-3 of laser irradiation.

[Gastrin, insulin and glucagon secretion after cimetidine and sodium hydrocarbonate intake in patients with duodenal ulcer]. / Sekretsia gastrina, insulina i gliukagona posle priema tsimetidina i gidrokarbonata natria u bol'nykh iazvennoi bolezn'iu dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

The response of serum gastrin, insulin and glucagon to administration of sodium bicarbonate (SB) followed by cimetidine was studied in 35 duodenal ulcer patients. Relevant measurements were made using radioimmunoassay kits "Diagnostic" (USA) and "Oris" (France). It was established that SB administration induced a significant rise in gastrin levels while those of insulin, glucagon and gastrin lowered significantly following cimetidine treatment (gastrin levels progressed to baselines). This marked effect of cimetidine on the gut hormone production is not always due to its adverse action being rather of compensatory nature and directed at enhancement of cytoprotection and normalization of gastric secretion.

[Pancreatic hormonal function and proteolytic activity in peptic ulcer]. / Gormonal'naia funktsiia podzheludochnoi zhelezy i aktivnost' proteoliticheskikh fermentov pri iazvennoi bolezni.

Blood serum insulin, glucagon, pepsinogen, trypsin was studied by radioimmunological methods in 95 patients with ulcer disease. Fasting values and values 1 and 2 hours after a standard breakfast (1212 kcal) were evaluated. It was established that all patients showed a statistically valid increase of the basal level of glucagon while patients with gastric ulcer showed an increase of the basal insulin level. Use of a test breakfast showed reserve and compensatory capacities of the hormonal pancreatic function. Patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer revealed an increase of the pepsinogen level under conditions of basal secretion and after a test breakfast.

[Effect of immunostimulants of steroidogenesis on the activity of various oxidative enzymes in the adrenal glands and other organs]. / Vliianie immunologicheskikh stimuliatorov steroidgeneza na aktivnost' nekotorykh okislitel'nykh fermentov v nadpochechnikakh i drugikh organakh.

Effect of IgG from rabbits, immunized with deoxyribonucleoprotein and with nuclear matrix of rat adrenal glands, on activities of cytochrome c oxidase, glucose-6-phosphate (G6PD) and lactate (LDH) dehydrogenases was studied in rat adrenal glands, liver and spleen tissues, myocardial and skeletal muscles. After administration of the antibodies and deoxynucleoprotein activation of the oxidative enzymes was tissue-dependent. Activities of cytochrome c oxidase and G6PD were distinctly increased in adrenal glands. In other tissues studied the enzymatic activity was not either increased (spleen, myocardium, skeletal muscle) or mediated through adrenal glands (liver tissue). The tissue-dependent activation of the oxidative enzymes, which accompanied the steroidogenic effect of the immunoglobulins studied, was considered as a result of interaction between the antibodies and tissue-specific antigen determinants in adrenal gland chromatin.

[Physiological significance of specific immunoglobulins in regulating steroidogenesis in adrenal cortex cells]. / Fiziologicheskoe znachenie spetsificheskikh immunoglobulinov v reguliatsii steroidogeneza v kletkakh korkovogo veshchestva nadpochechnikov.

The data obtained suggest the existence of physiological immunoglobulin mechanisms regulating the functions of the cells including hormone--producing ones. Serologically identical antigens were revealed both in the blood and the extracts from adrenocortical cell nuclei of intact rats. Apart from that, autoantibodies to deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) of adrenocortical cells were found in the blood sera of normal animals. Immunoglobulins G (ig G) against adrenocortical cell nuclei, DNP and the nuclei partially devoid of DNP, were produced. The specific IgG were shown to stimulate the steroidogenesis in target cells. The penetration of the specific antibodies into the target cell nuclei in vivo was proved. The data obtained support the hypothesis of the nuclear mechanisms of antibody--caused cytostimulation.

[The endocrine system and immunity]. / Endokrinnaia sistema i immunitet.

The studies using antinuclear and antideoxyribonucleoprotein immunoglobulins of the G class from hormone-producing cells against specific structures of the adrenals, thyroid gland, and thymus exerting an selective organ-specific effect and an immunomodulator thymaline (a thymus factor) in the structural-functional analysis revealed previously unknown mechanisms of interaction of the endocrine system and immunogenesis organs. These data may facilitate the elucidation of the mechanisms of levelling of disturbed homeostatis.

[Gastrin level in the blood serum fasting and after food intake in peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis with secretory failure]. / Uroven' gastrina v syvorotke krovi natoshchak i posle priema pishchi pri iazvennoi bolezni i khronicheskom gastrite s sekretornoi nedostatochnost'iu.

Radioimmunoassay was used to determine the blood gastrin content in 45 patients and 14 healthy individuals. Examination was performed on an empty stomach and 20 and 40 minutes after trial breakfast. It was established that after the trial breakfast (35 g protein, 50 g fat, and 70 g carbohydrate) the greatest increment in the gastrin content, as compared to normal, was recorded in increased acid-forming gastric function (peptic ulcer with ulcer site in the duodenum). In patients with decreased acid production (peptic ulcer with ulcer site in the stomach, chronic gastritis with secretory failure), the gastrin content after the trial breakfast was lower than in healthy individuals and in duodenal ulcer patients.

[Mechanisms of cellular dedifferentiation in the adrenal cortical substance]. / K mekhanizmam dedifferentsirovki kletok korkovogo veshchestva nadpochechnikov.

Hypothyreosis or the injection of actinomycin D have been shown to reduce the expression in dedifferentiation changes that take place in the fascicular and reticular zones of the adrenal gland cortex of hypophysectomized rats. The reduced intensity of such a dedifferentiation may occur due to the suppression of m-RNA synthesis, the character of the power resulting in the inhibition of DNA-dependent polymerase (actinomycin D or hypothyreosis) having no real significance.

[Change in the specific functions of cells under the influence of antibodies]. / Izmenenie spetsificheskikh funktsii kletok pod vliianiem antitel.

Antibodies against the nucleic fraction are capable of activating specified functions of hormone-producing cells. Stimulation of hormone production may occur even when protein synthesis is blocked by puromycine. A possible mechanism of the action of antibodies against the nucleic fraction of endocrine gland cells is a derepressing of enzyme system responsible for biosynthesis of specific hormone substances.