[Age factors in natural mechanisms of detoxication and curative effect of enterosgel in burns]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti estestvennykh mekhanizmov detoksikatsii i lechebnoe deistvie énterosgelia pri ozhogovoi bolezni.

In the experiment, the age peculiarities of the detoxication system of the liver in burn disease and the effect of enterosgel on them were studied. Decrease in hydroxylase and demethylase activity of hepatic microsomes in relatively stable activity of oxidoreductase as well as increase in activity of aminotransferases, especially that of alanine aminotransferase, which was more pronounced in aged animals, was noted. Under the influence of enterosorption, the increase in functional activity of monooxygenase system of the liver and stabilization of hepatocytic membranes are more pronounced in young animals. This contributed to reduction in lethality, activation of natural mechanisms of detoxication and reparative processes.

[Effectiveness of geriatric preparations containing natural metabolites in studies on animals of different age]. / Effektivnost' geriatricheskikh preparatov, soderzhashchikh estestvennye metabolity, v issledovaniiakh na zhivotnykh raznogo vozrasta.

The new geriatric agent Rikavit which contains natural metabolites, is described. Experimental trials have shown that this drug causes prolongation of the average and maximal life-span and normalization of the age-related changes in metabolic indices in experimental animals. It has also been found to increase the resistance of an aging organism to the hazardous effects (hypoxia, physical and medicamentous loads) and its adaptive potentials.

[Age-related characteristics of potassium glutamate pharmacokinetics]. / Vozrastnye osobennsoti farmakokinetiki kaliia glutaminata.

Experiments on young and old rabbits and rats were made to study the age-associated features of the pharmacokinetics of a new drug--potassium glutamate developed at the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. The age-associated differences in some pharmacokinetic parameters of potassium glutamate were disclosed: an increase in the half-life, a decrease in the overall clearance and a reduction in the elimination coefficient, an increase in the extent of distribution and area of the pharmacokinetic curve in old animals. A correlation was found between the pharmacokinetic parameters and drug pharmacological activity in animals of different age groups. The use of the pharmacokinetic data made it possible to calculate the optimal doses and to develop the schemes of effective application of potassium glutamate for young and old animals, as well as to extrapolate the experimental data to the drug clinical trials.

Age-related aspects of pharmacodynamics.

The actions of various drugs in an aging organism has a number of characteristics. The major reasons are the age-related shifts of the morphological, biochemical and functional origin that result in a change with age both of drug pharmacodynamics, and drug pharmacokinetics. The important rule of geriatric pharmacology is to prescribe strictly individual reduced dosages of drugs, especially of those to which the organism is the most sensitive ( Chebotarev , 1978). These primarily include cardiac glucosides, narcotic, hypotensive and neuroplegic drugs. The elderly should be prescribed as fewer drugs as possible. It is advisable that a complex of pharmacological drugs having similar therapeutic effects and supplementing each other, and influencing different links of the organism's self regulation be administered in small doses.

[Age-related characteristics of the effect of potassium glutamate on cell membranes]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti vliianiia kaliia glutaminata na kletochnye membrany.

The effect of potassium glutaminate on the activity of some enzymes and lipid peroxidation of liver and kidney endoplasmic reticulum membranes was studied in young and old rats. It was shown that in old animals, the drug increased the activity of enzymes of liver endoplasmic reticulum membranes which metabolize the substances of endogenous and exogenous origin, and reduced the renal content of malonic dialdehyde, the final product of lipid peroxidation. The latter favoured the improvement of drug biotransformation and elimination of the aging body.

[Study of pharmacological activity of potassium glutamate in an experiment on young and old animals]. / Izuchenie farmakologicheskoi aktivnosti kaliia glutaminata v éksperimente na molodykh i starykh zhivotnykh.

It was established that potassium glutaminate is a little toxic compound (LD50 amounts to 4500 mg/kg on administration to white mice by mouth) and shows a marked pharmacological activity. Administration of potassium glutaminate to white rats in a dose 500 mg/kg raises intracellular potassium level in the tissues, makes the acid-balance equilibrium return to normal after unilateral nephrectomy and acid load, activates bile-forming and choleretic liver function, exerts a moderate diuretic effect. The compound potentiates the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochromoxidase in the tissues of old rats.

[Blood cholesterol and hepatic bile secreting function in rats of different ages under normal conditions and after maintenance of an atherogenic diet]. / Kholesterin krovi i zhelcheotdelitel'naia funktsiia pecheni krys raznogo vozrasta v norme i pri soderzhanii ikh na aterogennom ratsione.

The quantity of bile secreted during 24 hours and the concentration of total bile acids in adult 11--12-months-old and aged 27--29-month-old rats were determined by cannulation of common bile duct. As revealed, the difference in bile acid production and in the concentrations of cholesterol fractions in the liver and plasma between the adult and aged rats on a standard diet was insignificant. But the excretion of bile acids was markedly elevated both in adult and aged rats on atherogenous diet. The level of total and ester cholesterol in the plasma was higher in aged rats than in adult animals.