Analyzing the Asymmetric Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Environment in STIRPAT-Kaya-EKC Framework: A NARDL Approach for China.

This study aims to analyze the asymmetric relation between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in China using the STIRPAT-Kaya-EKC framework. To delve into the asymmetric effect of renewable energy consumption on the environment, the non-linear ARDL model is used. The results of this study confirm the asymmetric impact of renewable energy on the environment in the long run as well as in the short run. However, the negative shocks to renewable energy have a greater detrimental influence on the environment than the benign effect due to the positive shock to renewable energy. Population growth affects the environment in the short run, whereas technology only affects environment quality in the long run. Moreover, the study supports the EKC theory in China. This research emphasizes that the administration can improve the economy's lifespan by allocating substantial funds to establish legislation to maintain a clean environment by subsidizing renewable energy infrastructure and research and innovations for low-carbon projects.

The non-linear relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, financial development and energy consumption in developing European and Central Asian economies.

A sizeable amount of scholarly work has been done on different aspects of financial, economic, and environmental factors. In the present study, the nonlinearity is determined between financial development and carbon dioxide emissions in the long-run and short-run periods. According to the finding, the continued financial development initially increases the carbon dioxide emissions in the short and long run. Simultaneously, the square term of financial development reduces carbon dioxide emissions and proves the inverted U-shaped hypothesis in the short and long periods. The consumption of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide emissions, leading to environmental pollution. In contrast, renewable energy sources have fostered ecological sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions in the long and short term. At the same time, a positive response from labor productivity to carbon dioxide emissions causes environmental pollution, while capital formation is not acknowledged as a significant contributor to CO2 emissions. The Error Correction term has ascertained the reduction in error and convergence of the model from short to long term with a speed of 8% per annum. The study suggested that renewable energy and financial development should be indorsed for environmental preservation in developing European and Central Asian economies. Financial development in favor of low-cost renewables, advancing cleaner production methods, solar paneling, and electrification are a few possible remedies to achieve environmental sustainability in the short-run as well as long-run time frame.

Risk factors of Leukaemia in different hospitals of Punjab.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential risk factors of leukaemia. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in 5 hospitals in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, from May to September 2014, and comprised adult leukaemia patients and healthy controls with similar gender and marital status, and children patients and healthy controls with matching age and gender. Interviews were carried out face-to-face with adults and with the parents of the minors to obtain information on family history, lifestyle risk factors, employment history, residential history, trauma history and occupational and non-occupational exposures by using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 16. RESULTS: Of the 75 adults, 25(33.3%) were patients and 50(66.6%) were controls,while of the 120 children, 40(33.3%) were patients and 80(66.6%) were controls. Among adults those at risk of leukaemia had exposure to chemical factory (p <0.05),positive family history of leukaemia (p <0.006), positive trauma history (p <0.004), those who dyed hair (p<0.003), smokers (p <0.054) were born 1st or 4th among their siblings (p <0.037), lived near crops (p <0.069), worked in oil-refining factory (p <0.12), or spent more than 7 hours under direct sunlight (p <0.002). Among children subjects those at a greater risk of leukaemia had a positive trauma history (p <0.000) who were born 1stor 4th among their siblings (p<0.028), and had a positive family history of leukaemia (p <0.0484). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of particular risk factors can help plan and execute safety measures to reduce potentially harmful exposures and decrease risk of leukaemia.