[Sonographic imaging of soft tissue tumors].

In the course of this study 651 patients with morphologically confirmed soft tissue tumors of different localizations underwent gray-scale sonography, Doppler sonography and energetic Doppler carting. Hitachi HI Vision 900, Logiq-400, Aloka-650, Aloka-2000 scanners wih 5-13 MHz sensors were used. Lipomas, fibrolipomas, benign angioneoplasms and some of the desmoids were shown to have a characteristic sonographical picture. The potential sonographic symptom complexes were determined. Among the malignant tumors the distinct sonographic features were observed in liposarcoma and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. The other soft tissue sarcomas have no characteristic sonographic pattern. In this cases the differential diagnosis could be assisted by clinical signs and medical history analysis.

[The influence of metformin and N-acetylcysteine on mammographic density in postmenopausal women].

Mammographic breast density (MBD) value is currently one of the strong predictors for mammary carcinoma development. There are also other conditions predisposing to MBD increase with hormone-related markers different from those used in breast cancer, while pharmacological methods for MBD reduction are few and still considered experimental. In the current study 25 postmenopausal women received daily for a median 10.5 months 1-1.5 g of antidiabetic biguanide metformin (siofor) (n = 14) or 400-600 mg of antigenotoxic drug N-acetylcysteine (n = 11). In both groups MBD was measured before and after treatment. The effects of both drugs were quite similar. Metformin use lead to lower MBD in 4 of 14 (28.5%) women with mean MBD decrease of -1,24% (absolute dynamics) and -5.03% (relative value). In N-acetylcysteine group this effect was observed in 27.3% of cases, with -2.0% absolute dynamics and -6.1% relative dynamics. In metformin group the most evident absolute and relative dynamics was observed in patients with no signs of metabolic syndrome, -10.86% compared to -2.45%. In 7 women the metformin use also lead to decrease of dense and increase of non-dense areas on digital scans, leading to decrease in dense to non-dense area volume ratio. Therefore, the similar effects of metformin and N-acetylcysteine are probably explained mostly not by insulin resistance elimination by metformin, but by altered cell proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair.

[Elastographic visualization of soft tissue tumors and its role in the diagnostic process].

A total of 110 patients with malignant (n=54, 49,1%), intermediate (n=24, 21.8%) or benign (n=31, 28.2%) soft tissue tumors were included in the study aimed to determine the soft tissue tumor elastographic picture and the overall role of elastographic visualization in soft-tissue tumor diagnostics. All the patients underwent grey-scale real-time elastography, colored Doppler mapping, energy Doppler mapping and ultrasonic elastography. The ultrasonic elastography included the quality assay of tissue color mapping and tissue stiffness index assay. All the tests were performed with Hitachi HI Vision 900 US scanner with 5-13 MHz US-sensors. In soft tissue tumors the elastography had 97% sensitivity equal to grey-scale US-scan sensitivity. Based on the results of the study, the elastography doesn't lead to any benefits as a stand-alone diagnostic technique. In most cases it doesn't lend any additional value compared to grey-scale US-scan. The only exceptions are the low-grade lyposarcomas, diffuse lypomas and fibrolypomas and desmoids. Nevertheless, elastography is still a useful method in surgical treatment planning as it allows to pinpoint the exact amount of involved tissues more effective than grey-scale US-scan techniques.

[Investigation of the association of mammographic breast tissue density with glucose effects and circulating stem cells].

Our study involving healthy postmenopausal females established that mammographic breast tissue density was lower in cases of more intensive stimulation by glucose of reactive insulinemia and glucose-induced glyoxalase I activity in bood mononuclears as well as in women with higher concentrations of circulating CD90+stem cells. Conversely, the density tended to increase in those with higher ratio of glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species in mononuclears. Our data point to possible mechanisms of increased density as a breast cancer factor when concomitant with relative predominance of progenotoxic effect of glucose and lower CD90+stem cells levels which are believed by some authors to be capable of suppressing the growth of certain tumors.

[Modified laparoscopic fundoplication in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux]. / Modifitsirovannaia laparoskopicheskaia fundoplikatsiia v lechenii gastroézofageal'noi refliuksnoi bolezni.

The results of laparoscopic fundoplication in patients with the gastroesophageal reflux disease are described. Operations were performed by the classical Dor method (19 patients) and by a modified method (35 patients). An analysis of results of the operation has shown effectiveness and safety of using the modified method of laparoscopic fundoplication.

[Ultrasound differentiation of fibroadenoma and diagnosis of minimal carcinoma of the breast]. / Ekhograficheskie varianty fibroadenomatoza i diagnostika minimal'nykh kartsinom molochnoi zhelezy.

The investigation was based on the ultrasound and mammographic examination of 630 patients with different patterns of fibroadenoma and 23--with carcinoma of the breast. Sonography should be carried out in step with menstrual cycle when diffuse hyperplasia of glandular tissue is registered. Minimal lobular cancers present most difficulties. Detection of a "node" should not be seen as the dividing line between tumor and fibroadenoma. In cases of fibroadenoma, sonography should be sometimes supplemented by mammography. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy should be used to clarify radiological evidence.

[Cranberries: chemical composition, nutritional and medicinal properties]. / Iagody brusniki: khimicheskii sostav, pishchevye i tselebnye svoistva.

The contents of protein, fats, carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, dietary cellulose), some vitamin (ascorbic acid, riboflavin, beta-carotene, vitamin E), polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, pectin, glycosides, macro- and microelements in red bilberry are presented. Antimicrobial effect and other effect of red bilberry and its use in traditional medicine and dietetics are also outlined.

[Ultrasonography and differential diagnosis of breast cancer]. / Ekhograficheskaia kartina i differentsial'naia diagnostika raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The echographic features of different neoplasms of the breast were studied in 449 patients. The most frequent-symptoms of carcinoma, fibroadenoma and cyst and their significance for differential diagnosis are discussed. A diagnostic procedure is suggested for use in ultrasonic examination of the breast.

[Breast-preserving (conservative) therapy of breast cancer]. / Organosokhraniaiushchee (konservativnoe) lechenie raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Conservative surgery (sectoral or segmental + axillary dissection) was performed in 278 patients with breast cancer (T1-2N0M0) at the Institute Clinic in 1990-1995. Following thorough morphological examination. 148 patients (53.2%) were selected to form a clinical study group for an investigation of the role of postoperative radiotherapy in the conservative treatment of breast cancer. Two groups-irradiation of the remaining breast tissue and controls-were formed on the basis of randomized data. Follow-up continued 3-60 months (average duration-37.7 months). Local recurrence was detected in 3 out of 73 (4.2%) patients of group I. A similar relapse was detected in 6 out of 75 (8.0%) patients of group II. No significant difference in total survival rates in the two groups was observed (97.3 and 96.0%; p > 0.05).

[Comprehensive radiographic diagnosis of breast cancer]. / Kompleksnaia luchevaia diagnostika raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The echographic and mammographic features of diagnosis neoplasms of the breast were studied in 447 patients. Shows its potentialities in the diagnosis. Supplementing each other, each technique yield the maximum intermation.

[Ultrasonography and mammography in breast cancer]. / Ekhografiia i mammografiia pri rake molochnoi zhelezy.

203 cases of breast pathology were examined using mammography and sonography, the latter procedure yielding, on the whole, more information. The sensitivities of both procedures in cases of breast cancer were 93.65 and 98.4%, respectively. Data on misdiagnosis are analyzed. A modality of mammography and sonography application for diagnosis of node formation in the breast is suggested.

[A toxicological hygiene study of a dye made from abattoir blood for sausage products]. / Toksikologo-gigienicheskoe izuchenie krasitelia iz boenskoi krovi dlia kolbasnykh izdelii.

Toxicologic and hygienic study of a pigment from abattoir blood--carboxyn (based on carboxyhemoglobin) was conducted on noninbred white rats in subacute (3 months) and chronic (12 months) experiments. The condition of the animals, their bw growth, blood morphology, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the content of hemoglobin, protein and iron in the blood serum were evaluated. Activity of the following enzymes was studied: catalase and sorbitol dehydrogenase--in the blood serum; glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome P-450 content--in the liver. Internal organs of the rats were subjected to histological investigation. The data obtained have evidenced the absence of some signs of biotransformation of the red complex of carboxyhemoglobin, or its toxic effect on the experimental animals. It has been concluded that carboxyn can be used as a coloring component in the production of sausage (in the amount of up to 2% of the sausage meat mass).

[Absorption of C14-labeled dye "active red 5CX"++ immobilized on polysaccharides in the rat gastrointestinal tract]. / Vsasyvanie mechennogo 14C krasitelia "aktivnyi krasnyi 5CX", immobilizovannogo na polisakharidakh, v zheludochno- kishechnom trakte krys.

Rats were maintained on a diet containing 14C-aniline procion dye "active red 5CX" either in a hydrolyzed or chemically immobilized form on starch and cellulose. Absorption of the label, distribution in tissues and excretion were studied within 6-48 hrs. Independently on the forms of the preparation used more than 80% of the label occurred in blood and were then excreted with urine. Molecule of the azo-dye appears to degrade in large intestine by means of microflora with splitting of the azo-bond and the potentially toxic metabolites developed penetrated into a body media. Immobilization of the dye on polymers, including cellulose was not an effective approach to prevent these reactions.

[Toxicological evaluation of gamma ray-treated fresh fish in an experiment on rats]. / Toksikologicheskaia otsenka obrabotannoi gamma-luchami svezhei ryby v éksperimente na krysakh.

The effect of fish treated with gamma-beams on the animal body on the whole and on some organs and tissues was studied in chronic experiments on 4 generations of Wistar rats of both sexes. The animals' status was evaluated according to the rats' appearance, behavior, and the time-course of changes in the body weight. In rats of the basic generation, the rate of tumor occurrence and tumor sites were also examined. Morphological and biochemical investigations were carried out over time, namely after 4, 8, 12 and 17 months. The measurements were taken of blood serum and liver proteins, blood sulfhydryl groups and hemoglobin, ascorbic acid in the liver and adrenals, as well as of the activity of AST, ALT and cholinesterase in the blood serum and in the liver. In the majority of cases, the findings obtained in experimental animals did not differ from those in controls.

[Toxicological characteristics of disodium salt of N-lauroyl-L-glutamic acid--a surface-active agent used in the food processing industry]. / Toksikologicneskaia kharakteristika dinatrievoi soli N-lauroil-L-glutaminovoi kisloty--poverkhnostno-aktivnogo veshchestva dlia pishchevoi promyshlennosti.

To synthesize the disodium salt of N-lauroyl-L-glutamic acid (LG-Na2), use was made of the chloranhydride method with some modifications. The yield of the product was 85%. LG-Na2 possesses good surface-active properties and an emulsifying effect. The critical concentration of micelloformation of LG-Na2 is 6 10(-3) mol/l. LG-Na2 is a non-toxic compound. It is not cumulated in the animals' body. The LD50 for albino rats per os exceeds 10 000 mg/kg, that for mice 6500 mg/kg. It was shown in subacute experiments in rats that LG-Na2 did not produce any substantial influence on the animals' status or on some biochemical and morphological indicators of blood and organs. The authors suggest a tentative level of a safe oral action of LG-Na2 on man (10 mg per kg bw/day). LG-Na2 is likely to be widely used in food industry.

[Effect of being fed gamma-irradiated fish on embryogenesis and the chromosomes of white rats]. / Izuchenie vliianiia skarmlivaniia ryby, podvergnutoi gamma--oblucheniiu, na émbriogenez i khromosomy belykh krys.

Experiments on Wistar rats were made to study potential embryotoxic and cytogenetic effects of fresh and smoked fish subjected to gamma-irradiation. Embryotoxic action of irradiated fish was studied in 611 embryos obtained from 52 females. The number of alive and dead embryos, their mass, length and the presence of external and internal developmental abnormalities were determined. the animals' bone marrow cells were subjected to cytogenetic examination with the use of the metaphasic method. A total of 2426 cells from 35 rats were examined for the occurrence of chromosome aberrations. The examination has revealed no embryotoxic or cytogenetic action of both fresh and smoked fish subjected to gamma-irradiation.

[Mutagenic properties of irradiated fresh fish in a chronic experiment]. / Izuchenie mutagennykh svoistv radurizovannoi svezhei ryby v khronicheskom éksperimente.

The mutagenic action of fresh fish irradiated in a dose of 200 kGy was studied in chronic experiments on 5 generations of rats. The mutagenic activity was assessed from the induction of dominant lethal mutations in sex cells of males and from the formation of chromosome aberrations (bridges and fragments) in bone marrow. The results of calculating the mutagenicity rate and cytogenetic analysis indicated no mutagenic action of irradiated fresh fish on sex cells and bone marrow of rats given irradiated fish for a long period of time.