[Current view on the pathogenesis of varicocele and the problem of its recurrence].

The clinical signs of varicocele typically emerge during the puberty. Varicocele is found in 15% of men in the general population and 25-35% and 50-80% of males presenting with primary and secondary infertility, respectively. Factors contributing to the development and recurrence of varicocele include the abnormalities of the testicular venous drainage and outflow (varicose veins are more common on the left than on the right), the anatomical features of the veins of the testicular and prostatic venous plexus, the patients constitution, predisposition to constipation or diarrhea, physical activity. At present, the genetic defects, including the undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) with hereditary insufficiency of venous valves and the weakness of the testicular vein walls, are thought to play a key role in the formation of a varicocele. Considering the importance of varicocele in the development of male infertility, the role of the UCTD in varicocele formation warrants a detailed investigation to provide an individual approach to patients and predict the disease recurrence.

[Radical treatment of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children]. / Radikal'nyi metod lechenia vnepechenochnoi portal'noi gipertenzii u detei.

Results of radical correction of extrahepatic portal hypertension in 25 children are presented. It is demonstrated that this surgery is feasible in 38.5% patients with this disease. Feasibility of surgery is based on the results of revision of hepatic vessels after laparotomy. The existing diagnostic methods don't permit one to predict feasibility of this bypass variant before surgery. It is demonstrated that this surgery leads not only to elimination of hemorrhage risk but also to complete reconstruction of portal perfusion and cure of portosystemic encephalopathy and hyperdynamic cardial syndrome. Surgeries are successful at any age, and also in of hemorrhage peak.

[The terms of esophagoplasty in children with esophageal atresia]. / O srokakh vypolneniia plastiki pishchevoda u detei s ego atreziei.

From 1995 to 2000 twenty-seven coloesophagoplasties were performed in children with esophageal atresia aged from 3 months to 2 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on their age. Group 1 consisted of 13 children aged from 3 to 6 months (mean 5.5 months), group 2-14 children aged from 6 to 24 months (mean 13 months). Course of postoperative period and postoperative complications were the criteria of treatment results. All the parameters were similar in both groups. Postoperative diarrhea was seen more often in group 1. It is concluded that esophagoplasty in children with atresia must be performed as early as possible.

[Quality of life in patients after coloesophagoplasty, performed in childhood]. / Kachestvo zhizni patsientov posle koloézofagoplastiki, vypolnennoi v detskom vozraste.

Based on questionnaire, the authors analyze long-term results of coloesophagoplasty in 32 patients operated from 1990 to 2000. At the moment of operation age of the children ranged from 3 months to 14 years (5 years, on the average). 1 (3.1%) patient died at the age of 15 years, 9 years after esophageal plasty. Long-term results were evaluated in 31 respondents. Most respondents (81.3%) evaluate their state late after coloesophagoplasty as good and satisfactory. All the respondents take meal without assistance 74% patients don't keep a diet. Respondents with severe concomitant diseases (VACNERL--syndrome, bullous epidermolisis, CNS disorders) evaluate their state as unsatisfactory. In children after coloesophagoplasty falling behind growth (48%) and weight (62%) was revealed due to disease and low living standard. 89.5% respondents evaluate their quality of life as satisfactory.

Venus: detailed mapping of maxwell montes region.

From October 1983 to July 1984, the north hemisphere of Venus, from latitude 30 degrees to latitude 90 degrees , was mapped by means of the radar imagers and altimeters of the spacecraft Venera 15 and Venera 16. This report presents the results of the radar mapping of the Maxwell Montes region, one of the most interesting features of Venus' surface. A radar mosaic map and contour map have been compiled.