[Main causes of orthopedic external consultation in a Second Level Clinic in Mexico]. / Principales motivos de consulta externa ortopédica en un hospital de segundo nivel en México.

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiology of diseases allows the generation of preventive measures, for the modification of their natural evolution or to prevent their appearance. In second-level hospitals of care, most of the pathologies of each medical specialty are treated. Therefore, knowing the main reasons for external consultation in orthopedics and their seasonal predominance is a tool for implementing strategies for the benefit of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational study carried out with the patient population of the external orthopedic consultation service of a second-level hospital of care, from January to December 2017. Patients over the age of 18 who first attended consultation were included. RESULTS: 11,704 consultations granted in the period, 7,862 (67.17%) women and 3,842 (32.82%) men. The average age of patients was 51.84 ± 0.14. The most common cause of consultation was arthropathies (47.65%). During the autumn, the largest number of consultations (32.33) were granted. CONCLUSIONS: Arthropathies, specifically gonarthrosis, were the main reason for external consultation, accounting for nearly half of the consultations granted. It is transcendental to identify the modifiable risk factors of these pathologies with the aim of reducing the negative impact it generates at the functional, economic and quality of life level. Clinical relevance: Further epidemiological studies on orthopedic pathologies will improve preventive strategies and optimize resources to improve patient care.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La epidemiología de las enfermedades permite la generación de medidas preventivas para la modificación de su evolución natural o para evitar su aparición. En los hospitales de segundo nivel de atención se tratan la mayor parte de las patologías de cada especialidad médica. Por lo tanto, saber los principales motivos de consulta externa en ortopedia y su predominio estacional es una herramienta para la implementación de estrategias en beneficio de los pacientes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional realizado con la población de pacientes del servicio de consulta externa de ortopedia de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención de Enero a Diciembre del año 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años que acudieron a consulta por primera vez. RESULTADOS: De 11,704 consultas otorgadas en el período, 7,862 (67.17%) fueron mujeres y 3,842 (32.82%) hombres. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 51.84 ± 0.14. La causa más frecuente de consulta fueron las artropatías (47.65%). Durante el otoño se otorgó el mayor número de consultas (32.33%). CONCLUSIONES: Las artropatías, específicamente la gonartrosis, fue el principal motivo de consulta externa, representando casi la mitad de las consultas otorgadas. Es transcendental identificar los factores de riesgo modificables de estas patologías con el objetivo de disminuir el impacto negativo que genera a nivel funcional, económico y de calidad de vida. Importancia clínica: La realización de más estudios epidemiológicos sobre las patologías ortopédicas permitirá mejorar las estrategias preventivas y optimizar los recursos para mejorar la atención de los pacientes.

[Basis for the multidisciplinary approach to shoulder pseudoparesis and pseudoparalysis due to rotator cuff pathology]. / Bases para el abordaje multidisciplinario de la seudo paresia y seudo parálisis de hombro por patología del manguito rotador.

INTRODUCTION: The painful shoulder is an entity that generates much of the orthopedic consultations worldwide, although it can affect at any stage of life, its prevalence is higher as age increases. Rotator cuff condition is often the most relevant cause of pain and dysfunction. Two common consequences of rotator cuff condition are pseudoparesis and pseudoparalysis, and even though they share similar etiology and symptomatology, their clinical differentiation is critical for optimal management and timely resolution. OBJECTIVE: To review the theoretical and clinical bases for the differentiation and management of pseudoparesis and pseudoparalysis due to rotator cuff pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive review of the concepts of pseudoparesis and pseudoparalysis from the orthopedic, physiotherapy and rehabilitation perspective. RESULTS: Once the differences in rotator cuff injury mechanisms and how they translate into painful shoulder semiology are understood, it is possible to integrate a differential diagnosis between pseudoparesia and pseudoparalysis. Diagnosis should integrate specific evaluations and exercises to identify both conditions and, once distinguished and identified, allow optimal guidance of therapeutic approach. CONCLUSION: The differentiation between pseudoparalysis and pseudoparesis allows us to understand the mechanisms of injury and, finally, to provide the optimal treatment for patients with painful shoulder due to rotator cuff pathology.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El hombro doloroso es una entidad que genera gran parte de las consultas de ortopedia a nivel mundial, si bien puede afectar en cualquier etapa de la vida, su prevalencia es mayor conforme aumenta la edad. La afección del manguito rotador suele ser la causa más relevante de dolor y disfunción. Dos consecuencias comunes de la afección del manguito rotador son la seudo paresia y la seudo parálisis y aun cuando comparten una etiología y sintomatología semejantes, su diferenciación clínica es fundamental para su manejo óptimo y resolución oportuna. OBJETIVO: Revisar las bases teóricas y clínicas para la diferenciación y manejo de la seudo paresia y seudo parálisis por patología del manguito rotador. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión descriptiva de los conceptos de seudo paresia y seudo parálisis desde la perspectiva ortopédica, de fisioterapia y rehabilitación. RESULTADOS: Una vez que se comprenden las diferencias en los mecanismos de lesión del manguito rotador y el modo en el que se traducen en la semiología del hombro doloroso, es posible integrar un diagnóstico diferencial entre seudo paresia y seudo parálisis. El diagnóstico debe integrar las evaluaciones y ejercicios específicos para que permitan identificar ambas condiciones y, una vez que se han distinguido e identificado, permitirá orientar el abordaje terapéutico de manera óptima. CONCLUSIÓN: La diferenciación entre seudo parálisis y seudo paresia permite comprender los mecanismos de lesión y, finalmente, proporcionar el tratamiento óptimo a los pacientes con hombro doloroso por patología del manguito rotador.

Implementing a clinical pathway for the treatment of Medicare patients with cardiac chest pain.

BACKGROUND: A small urban hospital identified angina pectoris (DRG 140) as a high-cost and low-reimbursement DRG. Variation in the process of care for patients with cardiac chest pain was related to the timing of decisions on stress tests and whether inpatient GI workups were performed. Underutilization of aspirin was identified as a quality of care issue. In collaboration with Texas Medical Foundation (TMF), the Quality Improvement Organization (QIO) for Texas, this became the initial Health Care Quality Improvement Program (HCQIP) project and the first effort by the hospital at pathway development. INTERVENTION: A team effort lead by physicians, including other healthcare groups at the hospital, identified elements considered essential to providing ideal care for patients with cardiac chest pain, formulating these elements into a clinical pathway. RESULTS: Emergency room physicians, an essential stakeholder group, had not been included in the initial pathway development, which proved to be a critical factor to effective implementation. Pathway implementation was associated with increased administration of aspirin by 45.7% (p < 0.001), reduced length of stay by 1.0 days (p = 0.064), and reduced total charges by an average of $1710.20 (p = 0.039). DISCUSSION: These results suggest that process of care improvement, i.e., clinical pathway implementation, in collaboration with a QIO, contributed to reduced variation in the process of care. Participation by all stakeholders from the beginning in process of care improvement is essential.