[Pea (Pisum sativum) genes, participating in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. III. Study of the structure of the ENOD12 early nodulin gene for various types of peas using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]. / Geny gorokha (Pisum sativum), uchastvuiushchie v simbioze s azotfiksiruiushchimi bakteriami. II. Issledovanie struktury gena rannego nodulina ENOD12 dlia razlichnykh sortov gorokha s pomoshch'iu polimeraznoi tsepnoi reaktsii (PCR).

We have determined the length of early noduline gene ENOD12 in various varieties and lines of pea (Pisum sativum) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was demonstrated that promoter regions of ENOD12A and ENOD12B genes in line 2150 (Afghanistan) are longer than these in variety "Feltham first". The disparity is 14 bp. When studying these genes in 7 different lines and varieties of pea it was found that ENOD12A gene is more variable in size than the ENOD12B gene. We showed the possibility to analyze the heritage of ENOD12 gene's alleles by using the PCR method.

[Pea (Pisum sativum) genes participating in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. II. Nucleotide sequence of cDNA and parts of the late nodulin-6 (PsNod6) gene]. / Geny gorokha (Pisum sativum), uchastvuiushchie v simbioze s azotfiksiruiushchimi bakteriiami. II. Nukleotidnaia posledovatel'nost' kDNK i chasti gena pozdnego nodulina-6 (PsNod6).

Certain characteristics of late noduline gene from pea-Nod6 were investigated as part of works of characterization of higher plant genes taking part in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The complete 450 b.p. long cDNA was sequenced, it's coding sequence includes the open reading frame. The part of DNA containing the corresponding gene from the genomic clone was also sequenced. The predicted Nod6 amino acid sequence has been analyzed and do not reveal the significant homology with any known protein.

[Structure of nucleosomes and organization of inter-nucleosomal DNA in chromatin]. / Struktura nukleosom i organizatsiia mezhnukleosomnoi DNK v khromatine.

We have compared mononucleosomes that were obtained by hydrolysis of chromatin micrococcal nuclease from a number of sources with the length of a nucleosomal repeat 185--245 b. p. long. For hydrolysis of chromatin isolated from nuclei, a series of nucleosomes was formed: MN145 (core particle), MN165, MN175...MN205, MN215, the lengths of their DNAs differing (by approximately 10.n b.p. where n = 1, 2, 3...) by a factor of 10. A feature of hydrolysis of chromatin in nuclei was the appearance of an additional H1-depleted MN155 particle. It is suggested that upon isolation of chromatin from nuclei, its partial decompactization takes place. This decompactization changes the character of nuclease splitting and seems to be connected with rearrangement of histone H1. These observations demonstrate that besides core particles MN145 and chromatosomes MN165, the major particles of digest of nuclei appear to be MN155, and for isolated chromatin--MN175. Unlike this standard picture, mainly MN145, MN155, MN235 and MN245 are formed upon hydrolysis of sea urchin sperm nuclei.

[The role of H2B histones from the sea urchin sperm in the formation of supranucleosome structures]. / Uchastie gistonov H2B spermiev morskogo ezha v obrazovanii nadnukleosomnykh struktur.

The structural role of histone H2B from sea urchin sperm (H2Bsp) has been examined in experiments on reconstitution of chromatin from DNA and core histones taken in three variants: (1) four core histones from sea urchin sperm; (2) four core histones from calf thymus; (3) (H3, H4, H2A) from calf thymus and H2Bsp. It is shown that H2Bsp when present in reconstituted chromatin induces its aggregation. Fidelity of the reconstitution of nucleosomes has been tested using DNase I probe, one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The reconstitutes that contain H2Bsp appear under electron microscope mainly as regular closely spaced large granules, about 450 A in diameter, which are very similar to the granules found in "native" sea urchin sperm chromatin. The reconstitutes formed by four core histones from calf thymus appear as randomly arranged particles, about 100 A in diameter. We conclude that histone H2Bsp participates in interactions between nucleosomes and is involved in the formation of the condensed supranucleosomal structure in sea urchin sperm chromatin.

[Processes of reconstruction and association by nucleosomes with various formations of histones]. / Issledovanie protsessov rekonstruktsii i assotsiatsii nukleosom s razlichnym sostavom gistonov.

The experiments on reconstruction of chromatin (without H1) from DNA and histone octamer containing either H2B from sea urchin sperm (H2B-S) or H2B from calf thymus are reported. It has been shown that H2B-S affects the mode of interaction of histones with DNA during the reconstitution of nucleosomal particles on one hand and on the other hand H2B-S plays a major role in the interactions of reconstituted mononucleosomes. These interactions result in supranucleosomal structures.

[Nucleosomal organization of chromatin from sperm of the bivalve mollusk Swiftopecten swifti]. / Nukleosomnaia organizatsiia khromatine spermiev dvustvorchatogo molliuska Swiftopoecten swifti.

Composition of basic chromosomal proteins from sperm of the bivalve mollusc Swiftopecten swifti is specific: (1) somatic histone H1 is replaced for a sperm-specific one containing three subfractions, enriched in Arg; (2) low molecular weight sperm-specific basic protein (S protein) is present in the chromatin additionally to the histones. It is shown that chromatin from the mollusc sperm has typical nucleosomal organization, however the DNA repeat length is markedly increased (225 bp) on account of the linker region of the nucleosome. It is found using two-dimensional electrophoresis that fraction of the mononucleosomes is heterogeneous and represented by four electrophoretic subfractions which differ in protein composition and length of DNA they contain. Subfraction which differ in protein composition and length of DNA they contain. Subfractions of mononucleosomes in the order of increase of electrophoretic mobility contain along with core histones: (1)--all H1 subfractions, protein X, protein S; (2)--subfraction H1"', protein X, protein S; (3)--protein S. The particles containing only core histones correspond to the most rapidly migrating band. The data show that protein S is, like histone H1, possibly bound to the linker DNA. Interdependence between the presence of sperm-specific non-core (-linker?) proteins, the increase in size of linker DNA and compaction of sperm chromatin is suggested.

[Histones of Salmonidae fishes. Comparative study of histones from different species and intraspecies variability of Oncorhynchus nerka H1]. / Sravnenie gistonov raznykh vidov lososevykh ryb i vnutrividovaia izmenchivost gistona H1 Oncorhynchus nerka.

The comparative electrophoretic properties of erythrocyte histones from 7 Salmonidae species were investigated. Using Na-SDS gel electrophoresis, it was shown that all the species studied possess the erythrocyte-specific fraction of histone H5. High resolution gel electrophoresis in acetic acid--urea gels demonstrated differences in the subfractional composition of histone H1 from erythrocytes and liver of O. nerka. The analysis of the sample of 40 individuals from the same population revealed the existence of intraspecies polymorphism in histone H1 subfractional composition.

[Particulate fractionation and properties of basic proteins of sperm chromatin of bivalve molluscs]. / Chastichnoe fraktsionirovanie i nekotorye kharakteristiki osnovnykh belkov khromatina spermiev dvustvorchatykh molliuskov.

A procedure for particulate fractionation of a composite set of sperm chromatin basic proteins in bivalves consisting of histones and protamine-like proteins has been developed. Some sperm proteins in 4 specimens of molluscs were obtained in individual form using chemical methods and preparative electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of these proteins was assayed. The results obtained are discussed in terms of evolution of sperm chromatin basic proteins.

[Investigation of DNA complexes with histones F3 and F3+F2a2]. / Issledovanie kompleksov DNK s gistonami F3 i F3+F2A2.

Characteristic viscosity, sedimentation constant and optical anisotropy were studied of the complexes formed between DNA and histone fractions F3 and F3+F2a2. The parameters mentioned continuously change with the increase of protein content within the complex. Analysis of experimental data shows that binding of a histone bads to a decrease of size and thermodynamic rigidity of the DNA molecule. On the basis of results obtained a model of F3 histone binding with DNA is suggested, amino acid sequence of this protein being taken into account. Comparison of behaviour of nucleohistones DNA+F3 and DNA+F1 studied previously testifies different way of binding of these histones to DNA.