Web-based intervention on the promotion of physical activity among Iranian youth using the transtheoretical model.

BACKGROUND: Sedentary habits may increase the noncommunicable disease risk factors, and few teens get enough physical activity. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the effects of a web-based intervention on the promotion of physical activity among adolescents using the transtheoretical model (TTM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 278 high school students who were randomly allocated into one of the three groups: two web-based intervention groups. The intervention groups 1 and 2 received education through web (www.salamat.family), but the second group received educational strategies based on TTM. Five questionnaires were applied two times before the intervention and 6 months after the intervention. And, in the control group, the data were collected using stage of exercise behavior change questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Student's t-test and two-way analysis of variance, and McNemar's test were applied to compare before and after the intervention. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean differences for TTM constructs related to exercise behaviors (processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance) in intervention groups 1 and 2 were very higher than the control group. Participants in intervention groups 1 and 2 who had low or moderate physical activity before the intervention were placed in high physical activity after it. CONCLUSION: According to the obtained results, education on PA based on website effective, but if we use education based on TTM, it will be more useful on the behavior.

An investigation into the factors effective in the consent of families with brain-dead patients candidates for organ donation in Isfahan, Iran in 2012-13.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that, with regard to social, cultural, and institutional contexts, several factors affect family decision-making on organ donation. This study aimed to investigate the effective factors in organ donation by family members with brain-dead patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive-comparative study in which a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained as 0.81 using Cronbach's alpha. The study sample consisted of 85 members of families with brain-dead patients in Isfahan, Iran in 2012-13. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0, and the level of significance was considered as <0.05. RESULTS: The obtained results indicated that factors such as age, marital status, level of education, and cause of brain death did not have any effect on their families consent, whereas factors such as gender, duration of hospitalization, having an organ donation card, personal view of the brain-dead patient, and the number of patient's children had a significant relationship with the consent on organ donation. In addition, the care and treatment team were effective in family decisions regarding organ donation. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the necessary culture and increasing the population awareness and their knowledge can be a positive step in this regard and may bring about an easy and rapid acceptance of organ donation by the involved families.

Comparing the treatment results of proximal humerus fracture based on surgical or nonsurgical methods.

BACKGROUND: A common type of Humerus fractures is about proximal. This study aimed to compare the results of surgical and non-surgical methods in treatment the Fracture of Proximal Humerus for decisions based on high-performance and less side effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective clinical trial study was done on 114 patients 30-80 years old with proximal humerus fracture referred to the Isfahan hospital universities (Ayatollah Kashani and Al Zahra hospitals) in 2007-2012. They were divided into two groups of 57 and treated surgically or non-surgically. The self provided questionnaires were used to assess the consequences of the side effects. The patients returned for trial check up during 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and one year after intervention. RESULT: In two parts fracture with displacement, nonsurgical treatment had lead to more complications rather than surgical treatment. In three-parts fracture non-union was seen in nonsurgical method in 6 weeks and in surgical method in 3, 6 months and one year after treatment, malunion was seen more in nonsurgical method rather than surgical method. In four-part fracture none-union results was seen more in nonsurgical method in 6 weeks, 3 months and one year and in surgical method in 6 months after treatment, mal union was seen more in nonsurgical method rather than surgical method. CONCLUSION: The surgery in three and four parts fractures had fewer complications in the patients under 50 but not in the elders.

Bond strength of a dental leucite-based glass ceramic to a resin cement using different silane coupling agents.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of different types of novel silane coupling agents with two concentrations on the micro-tensile bond strength of a dental glass ceramic with leucite crystals to a dual-cured resin cement using an optimized method of silane application. METHODS: Leucite-reinforced feldspathic ceramic blocks were fabricated, wet ground and cleansed. The bonding ceramic surfaces were treated with different organosilane solutions as follows: Control silane: Monobond S; methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane and experimental silanes with two concentrations (1.0 and 2.5 vol%): amino, isocyanate, styryl, and acrylate silanes. The silane application method consisted of brush application, hot air drying followed by rinsing with hot water and drying. Then a thin layer of an unfilled resin and a dual-cured resin cement was light-cured on the ceramic surfaces. The resin-ceramic blocks were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and sectioned to produce beam specimens (n=17) with a 1.0 mm(2) cross-sectional area. Specimens were then subjected to thermocycling and tested in a micro-tensile tester device. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tamhane post-hoc test. RESULTS: The mean micro-tensile bond strength value for the styryl silane was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other types of silanes except for the Monobond S. The mean bond strength values for isocyanate silanes were significantly lower than the other silanes tested (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the bond strength between the 1.0 and 2.5 vol% of experimental silanes was observed (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The micro-tensile bond strength of the leucite-based dental glass ceramic to a resin cement was affected by the type of silane coupling agent and not by the concentration of silane solutions. The best bond strength overall was achieved by methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and experimental styryl silane solutions.