Evolution of physico-chemical parameters, microorganism diversity and volatile organic compound of apple pomace exposed to ambient conditions.

In apple processing, waste material known as apple pomace amounts to 45% of production volumes. When this residue is stored in open-air for its stabilization and potential uses, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are produced, resulting in environmental and odor pollution, and must be managed to avoid their impact. This work aims to study the emission of VOCs utilizing TD-GC/MS and its relationship with changes in physico-chemical (moisture, pH, proteins, among others) and biological (bacteria and fungi using Illumina MiSeq) parameters under three environmental conditions: open-air (outdoors), under-roof (indoors) and oxygen-free. The 8-month study results showed a gradual increase in odorous VOCs and microbial diversity, a product of chemical and biological transformation processes in the samples. A 30% increase in odorant compounds responsible for the unpleasant smell was observed, especially esters, aldehydes and hydrocarbons in samples stored in oxygen-free and Open-air conditions. Increases in VOCs over time were associated with changes in physico-chemical and biological parameters, as well as fluctuations in environmental variables (temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation). The results of this research allow establishing a relationship between storage conditions and the production of VOCs. In addition, recommendations for waste storage time are provided for the most common uses of apple pomace based on the physico-chemical parameters observed, in order to avoid the generation of odorous compounds. Of all storage methods analyzed, under-roof is the most adequate in practice. This study's findings are pertinent for managing agribusiness waste and its potential environmental pollution.

Cáncer del cuello uterino: tumores de tamaño pequeño / Cancer of the uterine cervix: tumors of small size

Con el objeto de aclarar la conducta terapéutica más ajustada a los casos de carcinoma de cuello uterino de tamaño pequeño, hemos reunido el material acumulado en nuestro centro en un período de 16 años, entre 1971 y primer semestre 1987. Según la clasificación FIGO actual: 73 casos en etapa la 1; 10 casos en etapa FIGO la 2 y 16 casos muy cercanos a la2, medidos según volumen, entre 100 mm3 y 900 mm3. En la revisión fueron excluidos los la1, de diagnóstico estrictamente microscópico. En todos los 26 casos considerados se efectuó lindadenectomía pelviana. En dos de 26 se encontró metástasis en un ganglio obturador. El grupo considerado representa un potencial de malignidad que hace aconsejable la histerectomía completa. Doce del total de 26 casos completaron seguimiento entre 5 y 16 años, sin evidencias de enfermedad