[Mental retardation as a risk factor to develop a psychotic disease]. / Retraso mental como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de un trastorno psicótico.

INTRODUCTION: One of the main aims of research on schizophrenia has been to pinpoint the early symptoms and signals of the disease before its appearance. OBJECTIVES: We have examined the diagnoses previously given to patients before they were diagnosed of schizophrenia. METHOD: This is a case-control study in which we used a data register including the fields of minimum basic data set (MBDS) whose time period included 1999 to 2005. RESULTS: In our study, there was a 3.6% frequency of mental retardation and 2.1% one of behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, both diagnosed previously. The estimated odds ratio for a mentally retarded patient to suffer adult onset psychosis is 4.6 (95%CI [3.43-6.26]), schizophrenia 5.8 (95% CI [4.20-7.88]), paranoid schizophrenia 4.8 (95% CI [3.39 -6.93]), residual schizophrenia 7.0 (95% CI [4.81 -10.09]) and persistent delusional disorder 2.7 (95% CI [1.57 -4.73]). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded from our study that there is an increased frequency of mental retardation among the pathological records of subjects who will be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and residual schizophrenia in the future. This fact supports the etiological thesis of schizophrenia involving neurodevelopment disorders.

Retraso mental como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de un trastorno psicótico / Mental retardation as a risk factor to develop a psychotic disease

Introducción. En las últimas tres décadas uno de los principales objetivos de la investigación en esquizofrenia ha sido la identificación de los síntomas y signos precursores de la enfermedad antes de su aparición. Objetivo. Buscamos en nuestro estudio los antecedentes que se otorgan previamente a pacientes antes de ser filiados como esquizofrenia. Método. Se trata de un estudio caso-control sobre el que utilizamos un registro de datos que incluye los campos del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos y el período de tiempo considerado fue entre 1999-2005. Resultados. Encontramos una frecuencia de 3,6% de retraso mental y un 2,1% de antecedentes de trastornos del comportamiento y de las emociones de comienzo habitual en la infancia y adolescencia, ambos como diagnóstico previo. La odds ratio de que un paciente con retraso mental sufra psicosis en la edad adulta es de 4,6 (IC 95% [3,43-6,26]), esquizofrenia de 5,8 [IC 95% (4,20-7,88)], esquizofrenia paranoide de 4,8 (IC 95% [3,39 –6,93]), esquizofrenia residual de 7,0 (IC 95% [4,81 -10,09]), trastorno por ideas delirantes de 2,7 (IC 95% [1,57 -4,73]). Conclusiones. De nuestro estudio se puede concluir que existe una frecuencia incrementada del diagnóstico de retraso mental entre los antecedentes patológicos de sujetos que posteriormente serán diagnosticados de esquizofrenia paranoide y esquizofrenia residual. Este hecho, supone un apoyo a la hipótesis etiológica de la esquizofrenia que involucra alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo (AU)

Introduction. One of the main aims of research on schizophrenia has been to pinpoint the early symptoms and signals of the disease before its appearance. Objectives. We have examined the diagnoses previously given to patients before they were diagnosed of schizophrenia. Method. This is a case-control study in which we used a data register including the fields of minimum basic data set (MBDS) whose time period included 1999 to 2005. Results. In our study, there was a 3.6% frequency of mental retardation and 2.1% one of behavioral and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, both diagnosed previously. The estimated odds ratio for a mentally retarded patient to suffer adult onset psychosis is 4.6 (95%CI [3.43-6.26]), schizophrenia 5.8 (95% CI [4.20-7.88]), paranoid schizophrenia 4.8 (95% CI [3.39 –6.93]), residual schizophrenia 7.0 (95% CI [4.81 -10.09]) and persistent delusional disorder 2.7 (95% CI [1.57 -4.73]). Conclusions. It can be concluded from our study that there is an increased frequency of mental retardation among the pathological records of subjects who will be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and residual schizophrenia in the future. This fact supports the etiological thesis of schizophrenia (AU)