Effect of caloric restriction and low fructose consumption on oxidative damage in adults with obesity / Efecto de la restricción calórica y el bajo consumo de fructosa sobre el daño oxidativo en adultos con obesidad

Background: The consumption of macronutrients rich insugars, mainly fructose, promote metabolic changes and in-duce insulin resistance, hepatic and extrahepatic fatty aciddeposits, as well as an increase in the generation of free rad-icals and oxidative stress.Methods: Randomized clinical study, 74 subjects partici-pated, divided into 2 group: a calorie-restricted diet (n=37)and a low-fructose diet (n=37). They were evaluated at thebeginning and 6 weeks after the implementation of the diet,using anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Descriptivestatistics were used to analyze the data, Student’s t test fortwo independent samples considering unequal variances andfor means of two paired samples. Level p<0.05 was consid-ered in each analysis test.Results: The body mass index (BMI) shows statisticallysignificant differences p< 0.05 in the group with calorie re-striction after applying the diet. The waist and hip circumfer-ence were modified by the implementation of the diet in eachindependent group (p<0.001 for each statistical difference,respectively), only the waist-hip index (WHR) was modifiedwhen the results were compared between both groups,p<0.05. In the biochemical parameters after the implementa-tion of the diets, in the low-fructose diet group an increase inblood glucose was observed from 175.97 to 187.40 mg/dl,cholesterol from 34.05 to 36.89 mg/dl and HDL from 104.77to 115.47 mg/dl. However, no statistically significant differ-ences were found when comparing both groups. No statisti-cally significant differences were observed in lipid peroxida-tion parameters or oxidized carbonyls.Conclusion: The modifications in hepatic metabolismcould be related to the energy quantity and the source ofmacronutrients.(AU)

Semen residual viral load and reproductive outcomes in HIV-infected men undergoing ICSI after extended semen preparation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) following a triple gradient extended semen wash from ejaculates of serodiscordant couples, and analyse their reproductive outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). For this purpose, a retrospective analysis of our database was performed in serodiscordant couples, with HIV-infected men and non-infected women, using fresh or frozen sperm with ICSI in oocytes from either the patients or donors from January 2006 to September 2013. Overall, the rate of positive HIV test after semen washing was 1.86%. The positive beta human chorionic gonadotrophin, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates in patients with their own oocytes were 47.1%, 37.5% and 30.8%, respectively, and 58.6%, 50.8% and 39.1%, respectively, in oocyte donation cycles. To summarize, the described method of sperm washing based on triple gradient sperm selection coupled with extensive centrifugations is a highly reliable technique for HIV removal, as it provides lower than reported post-wash positive tests while maintaining high pregnancy rates in assisted reproduction cycles. Despite extensive personnel training and effectiveness of the washing protocol, post-wash HIV test on semen is recommended to identify residual positive samples.

Peritonitis por Salmonella serotipo Albany en paciente sometido a diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria / Peritonitis due to Salmonella serovar Albany in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

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El área de conocimiento de Medicina del Trabajo en el grado de Medicina de las Universidades Españolas / Knowledge área of occupational medicine in the grade of spanish universities

Objetivo: Evidenciar la necesidad de un área de conocimiento específica en Medicina del Trabajo en el Grado de Medicina en las universidades españolas. Material y método: Revisión y descripción del área de conocimientos de la Medicina del Trabajo en el contenido de los planes de estudio y guías docentes de los grados de Medicina que se imparte en las universidades españolas. Resultados: Se han encontrado diferencias en el contenido de los planes de estudios en relación al área de conocimiento de Medicina del Trabajo. Conclusiones. En la mayoría de las guías docentes del Grado de Medicina los temas relaciones con la Medicina del trabajo no aparecen como asignatura específica y en general se incluyen en asignaturas como Medicina Legal, Medicina Preventiva o Salud Pública evidenciando las carencias formativas en esa materia y la necesidad de un área específica (AU)

Objective: To demonstrate the need for a specific knowledge area in Occupational Medicine Degree in Spanish universities. Methods: Review and description of the area of knowledge of Occupational Medicine Degree in Spanish universities. Methods: Review and description of the area of knowledge of Occupational Medicine in the content of curricula and teaching guides for grades of Medicine taught in Spanish universities. Results: We have found differences in the content of the curriculum in relation to the area of knowledge of Occupational Medicine. Conclusions: In most of the teaching guides Medical Grade issues Occupational Medicine either are or are not included in subjects such as Forensic Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health showing the lack of training in this area and the need of a specific area (AU)

La estrangulación a lazo como procedimiento suicida / Strangulation with a rope as suicide procedure

La asfixia mecánica ocasionada por la estrangulación a lazo es una forma de muerte violenta que clásicamente se ha relacionado con la etiología médico-legal homicida y ocasionalmente con carácter accidental, resaltándose la extraordinaria infrecuencia con que este mecanismo de muerte es de etiología suicida, por considerarse que es necesario mantener la presión en el cuello con posterioridad a la pérdida de conciencia de la víctima. En el presente caso describimos 2 casos de estrangulación a lazo de etiología suicida y recogemos diversos procedimientos descritos en la literatura médica(AU)

The mechanical asphyxia caused by strangulation with a rope is a form of violent death related to classically homicidal forensic etiology and occasionally with the accidental. Suicide by this method can be considered exceptional as is necessary to maintain the pressure in the neck after the loss of consciousness. We report two cases of strangulation with a rope of suicide etiology and we collected various procedures described in the legal literature(AU)

Histone H1 and the origin of protamines.

We present evidence that chordate protamines have evolved from histone H1. During the final stages of spermatogenesis, the compaction of DNA in many organisms is accomplished by the replacement of histones with a class of arginine-rich proteins called protamines. In other organisms, however, condensation of sperm DNA can occur with comparable efficiency in the presence of somatic-type histones or, alternatively, an intermediate class of proteins called protamine-like proteins. The idea that the highly specialized sperm chromosomal proteins (protamines) and somatic chromosomal proteins (histones) could be related dates back almost to the discovery of these proteins. Although this notion has frequently been revisited since that time, there has been a complete lack of supporting experimental evidence. Here we show that the emergence of protamines in chordates occurred very quickly, as a result of the conversion of a lysine-rich histone H1 to an arginine-rich protamine. We have characterized the sperm nuclear basic proteins of the tunicate Styela montereyensis, which we show consists of both a protamine and a sperm-specific histone H1 with a protamine tail. Comparison of the genes encoding these proteins to that of a sister protochordate, Ciona intestinalis, has indicated this rapid and dramatic change is most likely the result of frameshift mutations in the tail of the sperm-specific histone H1. By establishing an evolutionary link between the chromatin-condensing histone H1s of somatic tissues and the chromatin-condensing proteins of the sperm, these results provide unequivocal support to the notion that vertebrate protamines evolved from histones.