Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hygiene and the Prevention of Trachoma in the Indigenous Population of the Colombian Amazon Vaupés Department.

The Colombian program to end trachoma implements the component F of the SAFE strategy in the Vaupés department of the Amazon rainforest. Cultural, linguistic, and geographical barriers and the coexistence of an ancestral medical system demand the technical and sociocultural adaptation of this component. A cross-sectional survey combined with focus-group discussions to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the indigenous population related to trachoma was conducted in 2015. Of the 357 heads of households that participated, 45.1% associated trachoma with a lack of hygiene, and 94.7% associated the concept of hygiene with taking one or more body baths per day, using commercial or handcrafted soap. In total, 93% reported cleaning their children's faces and eyes more often when they have conjunctivitis, but 66.1% also did this with clothes or towels in use, and 52.7% of people shared towels; in total, 32.8% indicated that they would use ancestral medicine to prevent and treat trachoma. The SAFE strategy in Vaupés requires an intercultural approach to facilitate stakeholder support and participation to promote general and facial hygiene, washing clothes with soap, and not sharing towels and clothes to dry and clean children's faces for effective and sustainable elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. This qualitative assessment facilitated an intercultural approach locally and in other Amazonian locations.

Suicide in University students in Bogotá, Colombia, 2004-2014. / Suicidio en estudiantes universitarios en Bogotá, Colombia, 2004­2014.

We report the results of a retrospective, descriptive, qualitative study of suicide among university students in Bogotá, Colombia. The objective of this study was to document the magnitude, principal characteristics, and impact of this phenomenon in the selected population. A semi-structured survey was employed to collect information from 66 individuals linked to the universities. A total of 45 cases of suicide were documented in the study period (2004 - 2014). Of these, 69% occurred in males and 31% in females. The age range was 17 - 27 years, with 62% of the cases in the 19 - 22 year-old group. The most common mechanisms employed were suffocation and poisoning, followed by intentional falls, use of a firearm, and drug overdose. The selected location was the place of residence in 52% of cases and the university campus in 16% of cases. The distribution of students by area of knowledge showed a predominance of social and human science (44%) followed by engineering (22%). A history of difficulties in family and affective relationships was common among victims, as was a history of exposure to intolerance of differences in sexual orientation. The individuals surveyed expressed a wide range of interpretations of the significance of suicide, both positive (courage, self-affirmation, autonomy) and negative (defeat, despair, and an inability to adapt).

Suicidio en estudiantes universitarios en Bogotá, Colombia, 2004-2014 / Suicide in University students in Bogotá, Colombia, 2004-2014

Resumen Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo y retrospectivo en cinco universidades de Bogotá, Colombia, para conocer la magnitud, las principales características y significados y el impacto del suicidio de estudiantes universitarios. Se realizaron 66 entrevistas semiestructuradas a personal institucional. Se identificaron 45 casos de suicidio consumado en el período 2004 - 2014. El 69% de los casos fueron hombres y el 31% mujeres. El rango de edad estuvo entre 17 y 27 años; 62% entre 19 y 22 años. Las formas más frecuentes de cometer el suicidio fueron el ahorcamiento y el envenenamiento, seguidos del lanzamiento al vacío, el uso de armas de fuego y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. El 52% de los casos eligió el lugar de residencia para cometer el hecho; el 16% eligió el campus universitario. Áreas de conocimiento: el 44% pertenecía a ciencias sociales y humanas y el 22% a ingenierías. Motivos y procesos desencadenantes del suicidio identificados, el principal grupo se relaciona con lo familiar, en especial desintegración familiar, ruptura de relaciones de pareja e intolerancia a opciones sexuales diferentes. Los entrevistados expresaron diversos significados del suicidio, tanto positivos: acto de valor y ejercicio de la autonomía, como negativos: impotencia, desadaptación y derrota.

Abstract We report the results of a retrospective, descriptive, qualitative study of suicide among university students in Bogotá, Colombia. The objective of this study was to document the magnitude, principal characteristics, and impact of this phenomenon in the selected population. A semi-structured survey was employed to collect information from 66 individuals linked to the universities. A total of 45 cases of suicide were documented in the study period (2004 – 2014). Of these, 69% occurred in males and 31% in females. The age range was 17 – 27 years, with 62% of the cases in the 19 – 22 year-old group. The most common mechanisms employed were suffocation and poisoning, followed by intentional falls, use of a firearm, and drug overdose. The selected location was the place of residence in 52% of cases and the university campus in 16% of cases. The distribution of students by area of knowledge showed a predominance of social and human science (44%) followed by engineering (22%). A history of difficulties in family and affective relationships was common among victims, as was a history of exposure to intolerance of differences in sexual orientation. The individuals surveyed expressed a wide range of interpretations of the significance of suicide, both positive (courage, self-affirmation, autonomy) and negative (defeat, despair, and an inability to adapt).

Diagnostico médico ARO x MG+ Varice + Anemia / I diagnose doctor I ARO x MG+ Varix + Anemia

Presenta estudio, analisis y valoración del proceso de enfermería realizado a paciente femenina de 28 años de edad que presentaba ARO con 7 meses de embarazo, varaices y anemia. Los instrumento utilizados en este estudio fueron los siguientes: Anamnesis; entrevista directa del pacietne; examene físico; visita domiciliar y el expediente clínico. Al finalizar el proceso de enfermería, se logra el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos con la aceptación de la paciente y la familia; se logro involucrar al personal de enfermería en el cumplimiento de planaes de cuidados de acuerdo a las necesidades del paciente; se obtuvo buenas relaciones interpersonales con paciente, familia y equipo de salud; brindar cuidados de enfermería en base a las necesidades del paciente, se oriento sobre la importancia de una dieta adecuada y se amplio y asimiló conocimientos sobre atención integral a la mujer. Se brindarons recomendaciones com incentivar al personal de enfermería para que se involucre más en los planes de cuidado al paciente y brindar atención de enfermería óptima en relación apoyo psicológico, mayor acercamiento de paciente enfermera.