Association of geriatric nutritional risk index with bone mineral density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal elderly women with T2DM.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A total of 141 postmenopausal elderly women with T2DM was divided into OP and normal bone mineral density (BMD) groups, the differences in GRNI levels between the two groups were compared. According to the tertile levels of GRNI, T2DM were divided into three groups (T1, T2, T3 groups), and the differences in OP prevalence and levels of BMD among the three groups were compared. RESULTS: Among postmenopausal elderly women with T2DM, GNRI levels were lower in the OP group compared to the nor-mal BMD group [(103±5.46) vs. (105±5.46), p<0.05)]. With elevated GNRI levels, the BMD levels of femoral, total hip, total body, and lumbar vertebrae (L) were gradually increased, which were higher in the T3 group than in the T1 group (all p< 0.05). GNRI levels were positively correlated with the BMD levels of femoral, spine, total hip, total body, L1, L2, L3, L4, and L1-L4. GNRI was an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of OP (OR=0.887, 95%CI [0.795,0.988]). The ROC curve showed that the GNRI combined with serum ALP and P levels had a high predictive value for OP, with an area under the curve of 0.725 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal elderly women with T2DM, GNRI was independently and positively correlated with BMD levels. GNRI may be a predictor development of OP.

Evaluation of the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine candidate for sheep infected with ovine parainfluenza virus type 3.

Respiratory diseases constitute a major health problem for ruminants, resulting in considerable economic losses throughout the world. Parainfluenza type 3 virus (PIV3) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of ruminants. The pathogenicity and phylogenetic analyses of PIV3 virus have been reported in sheep and goats. However, there are no recent studies of the vaccination of sheep or goats against PIV3. Here, we developed a purified inactivated ovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (OPIV3) vaccine candidate. In addition, we immunized sheep with the inactivated OPIV3 vaccine and evaluated the immune response and pathological outcomes associated with OPIV3 TX01 infection. The vaccinated sheep demonstrated no obvious symptoms of respiratory tract infection, and there were no gross lesions or pathological changes in the lungs. The average body weight gain significantly differed between the vaccinated group and the control group (P < 0.01). The serum neutralization antibody levels rapidly increased in sheep post-vaccination and post-challenge with OPIV3. Furthermore, viral shedding in nasal swabs and viral loads in the lungs were reduced. The results of this study suggest that vaccination with this candidate vaccine induces the production of neutralizing antibodies and provides significant protection against OPIV3 infection. These results may be helpful for further studies on prevention and control strategies for OPIV3 infections.

Genetic characterization of bovine coronavirus strain isolated in Inner Mongolia of China.

BACKGROUND: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is implicated in severe diarrhea in calves and contributes to the bovine respiratory disease complex; it shares a close relationship with human coronavirus. Similar to other coronaviruses, remarkable variability was found in the genome and biology of the BCoV. In 2022, samples of feces were collected from a cattle farm. A virus was isolated from 7-day-old newborn calves. In this study, we present the genetic characteristics of a new BCoV isolate. The complete genomic, spike protein, and nucleocapsid protein gene sequences of the BCoV strain, along with those of other coronaviruses, were obtained from the GenBank database. Genetic analysis was conducted using MEGA7.0 and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method. The reference strains' related genes were retrieved from GenBank for comparison and analysis using DNAMAN. RESULTS: The phylogenetic tree and whole genome consistency analysis showed that it belonged to the GIIb subgroup, which is epidemic in Asia and America, and was quite similar to the Chinese strains in the same cluster. Significantly, the S gene was highly consistent with QH1 (MH810151.1) isolated from yak. This suggests that the strain may have originated from interspecies transmission involving mutations of wild strains. The N gene was conserved and showed high sequence identity with the epidemic strains in China and the USA. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic characterization suggests that the isolated strain could be a new mutant from a wild-type lineage, which is in the same cluster as most Chinese epidemic strains but on a new branch.

Association between serum ferritin and bone turnover marker levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum ferritin (SF) and bone turnover markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Seven hundred and forty-two people with T2DM were selected. Serum bone turnover markers: osteocalcin (OC), type I procollagen N-terminal peptide (PINP), ß-I type collagen carboxy-terminal peptide (ß-CTx), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-[OH]-D) levels were detected. High SF (HF) was defined as the indicated SF levels above 400 ng/mL in males and more than 150 ng/mL in females. Patients were divided into four groups: T2DM+normal SF (non-HF); T2DM+high SF (HF); T2DM+NAFLD+non-HF; andT2DM+NAFLD+HF. Relationships between SF and bone turnover markers were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the T2DM+non-HF group, ß-CTx levels were higher in the T2DM+HFgroup. Compared with the T2DM+NAFLD+non-HF group, ß-CTx levels were increased and 25-(OH)-D levels decreased in the T2DM+NAFLD+HF group (all p < 0.05). SF was positively correlated with ß-CTx [ß = 0.074; 95% CI (0.003, 0.205)] and negatively correlated with 25-(OH)-D [ß=-0.108; 95%CI (-0.006, -0.001)]. Compared with the T2DM+non-HF group, an independent positive correlation was found between ß-CTx and SF in the T2DM+NAFLD+HF group [OR = 1.002; 95% CI (1.001, 1.004)]. Among males, SF was positively correlatedwith ß-CTx [ß = 0.114; 95% CI (0.031, 0.266)]. SF was negatively correlated with 25-(OH)-D levels in both male and female patients [ß=-0.124; 95% CI (0.007,0.001) and ß=-0.168; 95% CI (-0.012, -0.002)]. Among those >50 years of age and postmenopausal females, SF was negatively correlated with 25-(OH)-D levels [ß=-0.117; 95% CI (-0.007, -0.001) and ß=-0.003; 95% CI (-0.013, -0.003)]. CONCLUSION: SF level was positively correlated with ß-CTx in T2DM patients with NAFLD, which may promote bone resorption and increase the risk of bone loss.

The Effects of Oncolytic Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine Strain Inhibited the Growth of Colorectal Cancer HCT-8 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.

Oncolytic viral therapy is a promising treatment approach for a variety of tumor forms. Although a number of studies have demonstrated that the pseudorabies virus (PRV) may be applied as an oncolytic carrier, the anti-colorectal cancer impact of the virus and the mechanism of its cytotoxic effect remain elusive. In this study, the replication capacity and cell activity of PRV attenuated live vaccines Bartha K61 and HB98 in HCT-8 cells in vitro were investigated. Next, the antitumor ability and safety were evaluated in a mouse model of HCT-8 tumor transplantation. Both PRV strains were able to suppress tumor growth and HB98 showed higher safety and efficiency than the Bartha K61 strain. Finally, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry examination were performed to investigate its possible cytotoxic mechanism. The results showed that PRV inhibited tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis. In summary, our study discovered for the first time that the live attenuated PRV has an oncolytic effect on HCT-8 cells with high efficacy and safety.

Molecular characterization of a novel subgenotype of lumpy skin disease virus strain isolated in Inner Mongolia of China.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of Lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle caused by LSD virus (LSDV) was first reported in August 2019 in China. Since then, several LSD outbreaks have been reported in seven different provinces of China. Until now, several Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains from China have been reported and sequenced including LSDV/Xinjiang/2019 (MN598005.1), China/GD01/2020 (MW355944.1), and LSDV/Hongkong/2021 (MW732649.1). In October 2020, more than 1,700 cattle imported from Chile arrived in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia, and were diagnosed with LSD. Currently, limited data on the origin of the virus is available. METHODS: Nucleotide sequences of the ORF11, ORF36, ORF74, ORF117, ORF126 genes and the complete genome of LSDV strains and isolates were downloaded from NCBI database. MEGA7.0 was used to perform phylogenetic analysis with Neighbor-Joining (NJ). DNASTAR software is used to analyze homologous comparison analysis with related genes of reference strains included in Genbank. RESULTS: Compared with other strains isolated from China, the results of full genome sequence analysis showed the LSDV/NMG/2020 strain belonged to the recombinant strains. The LSDV/NMG/2020 strain is different from the current LSDV field isolates in Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and the newly emerged LSDV Russia variants. Based on the identities of P32, RPO30, EEV, GPCR and LSDV117 genes (99.8%, 99%, 99.8%, 99% and 98.7%), the sub-cluster recombinant containing LSDV/NMG/2020 strain is phylogenetically closer to the Russia strain (Saratov/2017). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we reported a new isolated LSDV strain named LSDV/NMG/2020. The results of genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the LSDV/NMG/2020 isolate was a vaccine-like recombinant strain.

Phylogenetic and pathogenicity analysis of a novel lineage of caprine parainfluenza virus type 3.

Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (CPIV3) was first identified in goats named JS2013 in China. In 2019, a sheep herd broke a disease with respiratory disease in Hebei province, China. In order to confirm the pathogen of the disease, the nasal swabs, stool swabs and blood samples were collected from the sheep. Virus isolation was performed on MDBK cells and identification was conducted by RT-PCR. The complete genome of the isolate was sequenced and phylogenetic analyzed. In order to evaluate the pathogenicity of the virus, five seronegative sheep were experimental infected with the virus suspension. The phylogenetic analyses based on the complete genome and the M gene indicated that the isolate strain was distinguished distinct from previously reported CPIV3 lineage of JS2013. The virus-inoculated sheep displayed the syndrome with depression, cough, and fever. Virus shedding were detected by RT-PCR from nasal swabs. All infected showed virus shedding during 2 - 21dpi and viremia could be detected in serum samples. Gross pathological assessment of sheep in infected group showed gross lesion in the lungs. Histopathological observation results indicated that lungs had mild to moderate interstitial pneumonia, with thickened alveolar walls, decreased alveolar space, and increased amounts of inflammatory cells infiltration. This is the first report of pathogenicity of the novel lineage of sheep-derived CPIV3. The results would be helpful for further studies on the prevention and control strategies for CPIV3 infections in goat and sheep.