The relationship between preeclampsia risk and SENCR rs555172 gene polymorphism and expression.

Preeclampsia, the more severe manifestation of gestational hypertensive disorders, is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genetic polymorphisms in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered as potential genetic preeclampsia. This study aimed to explore the association between SENCR rs555172 SNP and PE risk in healthy pregnant women compared to women with preeclampsia. A total of 140 healthy pregnant women and 130 preeclampsia cases were included in the study. The rs555172 genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and the expression of the SENCR gene was analyzed in 40 placenta tissue samples from both groups. Various statistical approaches were employed to assess the genotypic and allelic frequencies. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of the rs555172 polymorphism between healthy pregnant women and those with preeclampsia in terms of the dominant (p=0.82), recessive (p=0.39), and over-dominant (p=0.42) models. Additionally, the analysis of SENCR relative expression revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.48). In conclusion, the LncRNA SENCR rs555172(G/A) seems not associated with an increased risk of Preeclampsia in pregnant women.

Pre- sowing seed treatment with salicylic acid and sodium hydrosulfide confers Pb toxicity tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.).

In the present study, impact of salicylic acid (SA), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and concomitant application of SA and NaHs seed priming was investigated in alleviation of the lead stress adverse effects on growth parameters, total chlorophyll content, dicarbonyl stress, and lead-induced iron deficiency in maize. Maize seeds were soaked in 0.5 mM SA and 0.5 mM NaHS individually and in 0.25 mM SA and 0.25 mM NaHS concomitantly for 12 h. The 6 day old plants were subjected to 2.5 mM Pb(NO3)2 for 9 days. Lead stress caused a significant decrease in growth parameters and total chlorophyll and shoot iron contents, whereas increased lead and methylglyoxal accumulation significantly. The cysteine and methionine contents elevated in shoots of lead stressed plants; probably due to redirection of sulfur assimilation requirement for lead detoxification. The SA, NaHS and SA+NaHS applications modulated glyoxalase I activity and resulted in remarkable reduction in methylglyoxal accumulation during lead stress. Lead induced iron deficiency was reverted under SA, NaHS and SA+NaHS seed priming in shoots, probably through reduction in lead uptake and increase in nitric oxide content. Lead imposition activated iron starvation pathway via elevation in methionine content and expression of iron uptake and hemostasis-related genes including Yellow Stripe1 (ZmYS 1), S-adenosylmethionine synthase (ZmSAMS) and 2'-deoxymugineic acid synthase (ZmDMAS1) in roots. However, the ZmSAMS and ZmDMAS1 transcript levels did not change under lead exposure in shoots. The SA, NaHS and SA+NaHS seed primed plants displayed downregulation of ZmSAMS and ZmDMAS1 in shoots and roots under lead stress. In conclusion, seed priming with SA and NaHS could improve lead tolerance in maize via reduction in the Pb uptake, consequently lowering lead toxicity in the food chain.

Impacts of seed priming with salicylic acid and sodium hydrosulfide on possible metabolic pathway of two amino acids in maize plant under lead stress.

Heavy metals pollution is one of the key environmental problems. In this research, the effect of seed priming with salicylic acid and sodium hydrosulfide was investigated on methionine and arginine amino acids contents and some compounds derived from their metabolism as well as ZmACS6 and ZmSAMD transcripts levels in maize plants under lead stress. For this purpose, maize seeds were soaked in salicylic acid (0.5 mM) and sodium hydrosulfide (0.5 mM) for 12 hours and then exposed to lead (2.5 mM) for 9 days. The results showed that lead stress reduced nitric oxide content and shoot ZmACS6 and ZmSAMD transcript levels while increased glycine betaine, methionine, arginine and proline amino acids contents as well as root ZmACS6 and ZmSAMD transcript levels. Salicylic acid and sodium hydrosulfide pretreatments reduced methionine, arginine and proline accumulation and increased glycine betaine and nitric oxide contents and regulated the expression of ZmACS6 and ZmSAMD genes (genes participating in methionine metabolism) under lead stress. Our data suggest that salicylic acid and hydrogen sulfide play role in regulating the methionine and arginine metabolism in maize under lead stress condition.