Jabuticaba [Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts]: a Brazilian fruit with a promising application against itraconazole-susceptible and -resistant Sporothrix brasiliensis.

Hydroalcoholic extract from Jabuticaba peels was evaluated for the chemical profile, antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity, and anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activities against both dimorphic phases. Higher phenolic content (14.91 ± 0.97) compared to flavonoid (2.05 ± 1.00) associated with the ellagic acid (1.93 ± 0.03; LC-MS), and a good scavenging ability against ABST and DPPH radicals was noted. On MDBK cells, elevated cell viability (>90%) was demonstrated between 0.39 and 0.097 mg/ml (MTT assay). Mycelial (CLSI M38-A2) and yeast (CLSI M27-A3) phases of 18 isolates of Sporothrix brasiliensis from cats (n = 8), dogs (n = 8) and humans (n = 2) were used. They were identified itraconazole-susceptible and itraconazole-resistant isolates in both phases, which were all inhibited (MIC of ≤1.56-6.25 mg/ml for both phases) and killed (MFC of ≤1.56-12.5 mg/ml for mycelial; ≤1.56-50 mg/ml for yeast) by Jabuticaba. For the first time, these findings highlighted the potential usefulness of hydroalcoholic extract from Jabuticaba peel as a promising antifungal against sporotrichosis.

Melittin and its potential in the destruction and inhibition of the biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from bovine milk.

Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa stand out in veterinary and human medicine for their role in opportunistic infections and their pathogenic mechanisms, including the biofilms formation. It was investigated the antibacterial activity of melittin and antibiofilm of such bacteria. Twelve strains of these microorganisms isolated from bovine milk were used, as well as the strains S. aureus ATCC 12600, E. coli ATCC 8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution technique. The biofilms were formed in 96-well plates and melittin on these colonies was added at different concentrations and times. Bacteria previously exposed to melittin were evaluated for inhibition of biofilm production. The MIC and MBC were respectively in µg/mL: S. aureus (6-7 and 32-64), E. coli (40-42.5 and 64-128) and P. aeruginosa (65-70 and 64-128). S. aureus biofilms were more sensitive to the action of melittin, since upon exposure to a concentration 10 times lower than the MIC for 4 h, was completely destroyed. In Gram negative bacteria, the pre-formed biofilm was destroyed only when exposed for 4 h under the MIC. With respect to inhibition of biofilm production, S. aureus was the most sensitive again because produced only 37.2% of the biofilm formed by the control (without previous exposure to melittin), when exposed to the MIC, and at a concentration hundred times smaller than MIC, this microorganism produced 75.2% of the biofilm. E. coli was the most resistant bacteria and produced 56.3% of the biofilm, even if previously exposed to melittin MIC. Melittin presents desirable effects in combating microorganisms studied both at your disposal, biofilm destruction and inhibition of the formation, and maybe used in future studies of new strategies to combat infections caused by these pathogens.

Atividade antiviral e virucida de extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis marrom, verde e de abelhas Jataí (Tetragonisca angustula) frente ao herpersvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1) e ao vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) / Antiviral and virucidal activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis brown, green and jataí bees (Tetragonisca angustula) against Bovine Herpesvirus Type-1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Dentre as propriedades biológicas da própolis, a atividade antimicrobiana tem merecido destacada atenção. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a ação antiviral e virucida de três extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis (marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), frente ao Herpesvírus Bovino tipo (BoHV-1) e ao Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVDV). Os três extratos hidroalcoólicos foram obtidos de extração etanólica e são oriundos do sul do Brasil. A composição química dos extratos de própolis foi determinada pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) que identificou e quantificou compostos como: ácido cafeico e ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico, além de flavonoides como a rutina. A toxicidade celular bem como a atividade antiviral dos extratos de própolis em monocamadas de células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) foi avaliada através de observação microscópica e quantificada pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2yl)-2-5-difenil-2H tetrazolato de bromo). O extrato de própolis de abelhas jataí demonstrou ser menos citotóxico (1,57µg/mL), quando comparado aos extratos verde (0,78µg/mL) e marrom (0,39µg/mL). Quanto a atividade antiviral, a própolis verde demostrou maior eficácia em ambos os tratamentos celulares (pós e pré-exposição) frente ao BoHV-1 em relação aos outros extratos, ou seja, houve maior viabilidade celular quando comparada aos controles de células e vírus. Já a de jataí apresentou atividade frente aos dois vírus (BoHV-1 e BVDV) no método pré-infecção, enquanto a própolis marrom demonstrou ação apenas frente ao BoHV-1 também no método pré-infecção. Para determinação da atividade virucida foram utilizadas diferentes diluições dos vírus, bem como temperaturas e tempos distintos de incubação. A própolis verde a 37°C propiciou a maior redução no título viral (4,33log) em relação a marrom (log = 3,5log) e de jataí (log = 3,24log). No entanto, frente ao BVDV a própolis jataí apresentou os melhores resultados em ambas as temperaturas (22oC e 37oC). Portanto, os extratos avaliados apresentaram atividade antiviral e virucida frente ao BoHV-1 e BVDV, o que os torna alvo para o desenvolvimento de novos biofármacos como alternativa ao uso de antivirais comerciais em Medicina Veterinária.(AU)

Among the biological properties of propolis, the antimicrobial activity has received prominent attention. In this paper, we describe the antiviral and virucidal effect of three hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis (brown, green and jataí bees (Tetragonisca angustula), against bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV). All hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from ethanol extraction. The chemical composition of propolis extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) to identify and quantify compounds such as caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic, and flavonoids such as rutin. Cell toxicity and antiviral activity of propolis extracts in monolayers of MDBK cells (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) were assessed by microscopic observation and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4.5 dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2- 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolato bromine). Propolis extract from Jataí bees proved to be less cytotoxic (1.57mg / ml) when compared to green extracts (0.78mg / ml) and brown (0.39mg/mL). Regarding antiviral activity, propolis has shown greater efficacy in both cellular treatments (post and pre-exposure) against BoHV-1 when compared to other extracts, ie, there was increased cell viability compared to cell and virus controls. Extracts from Jataí showed activity against both viruses (BoHV-1 and BVDV) infection in the pre-test, whereas brown propolis demonstrated action only against the BoHV-1 in the pre-infection method. To determine the virucidal activity, it were used different dilutions of virus, as well as different temperatures and incubation times. The green propolis at 37°C led to a greater reduction in viral titer (4.33log) compared to brown (3.5log) and jataí (3.24log). Jataí propolis showed the best results in both temperatures (22oC and 37oC) when tested against BVDV. In summary, the evaluated extracts showed antiviral and virucidal activity against BoHV-1 and BVDV, and may be important targets for the development of new compounds as an alternative to commercial antivirals.(AU)

Aplicación de plantas medicinales para la antisepsia de pezones de vacas posordeño / Use of medicinal plants for antisepsis of cows' teat after milking

Introducción: el sistema de producción de leche agroecológico está limitado por alternativas sostenibles de promoción a la salud animal. El control de la mastitis con plantas medicinales puede ser viable de modo económico y ecológicamente. Objetivos: evaluar la aplicación de antisépticos en la desinfección de pezones posordeño. Métodos: se comparó un convencional y extracto de plantas medicinales en un rebaño comercial y tuvo como principal encierre las nuevas infecciones intramamarias. Resultados: la prevalencia semanal del California Mastitis Test varió en el grupo 1 entre 29,5 y 17,1 por ciento, y en el grupo 2 de 29,7 a 19,6 por ciento, no diferenciándose de modo significativo, en ninguna de las semanas. La incidencia de cultura positiva para Staphylococcus/Streptococcus fue de 3,93 y 6,96/1 000 cuartos/d para los grupos 1 y 2, respectivamente; con p= 0,057. Hubo 4 casos de mastitis clínica durante el experimento, 2 en cada tratamiento. Conclusiones: el uso de extractos de plantas en la desinfección de pezones posordeño puede ser útil a los sistemas de producción de leche agroecológicos.

Introduction: the agro-ecological system of milk production is limited in terms of sustainable alternatives for animal health promotion. The control of mastitis with medicinal plants can be economically and environmentally viable. Objectives: to evaluate the use of antiseptics in the post-milking teat disinfection. Methods: the comparison of conventional and herbal extracts in treating the new intramammarial infections. Results: the weekly prevalence of California Mastitis Test ranged from 29.5 to 17.1 percent in group 1 and from 29.7 to 19.6 percent in group 2 but no significant difference was found in any week. The incidence of positive culture for Staphylococcus/Streptococcus was 3.93 and 6.96/1 000 quarters/day for groups 1 and 2 respectively, being p= 0.057. There were four cases of clinical mastitis during the experiment, two cases in each treatment. Conclusions: the use of plant extracts in the post-milking teat disinfection may be useful for agro-ecological systems of milk production.