[Age factors in natural mechanisms of detoxication and curative effect of enterosgel in burns]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti estestvennykh mekhanizmov detoksikatsii i lechebnoe deistvie énterosgelia pri ozhogovoi bolezni.

In the experiment, the age peculiarities of the detoxication system of the liver in burn disease and the effect of enterosgel on them were studied. Decrease in hydroxylase and demethylase activity of hepatic microsomes in relatively stable activity of oxidoreductase as well as increase in activity of aminotransferases, especially that of alanine aminotransferase, which was more pronounced in aged animals, was noted. Under the influence of enterosorption, the increase in functional activity of monooxygenase system of the liver and stabilization of hepatocytic membranes are more pronounced in young animals. This contributed to reduction in lethality, activation of natural mechanisms of detoxication and reparative processes.

[The problems and outlook of geriatric pharmacology]. / Problemy i perspektivy geriatricheskoi farmakologii.

The analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in manifestations of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic and toxic properties of drugs in the elderly is presented. The ways of their correction are discussed. The advances in the development of geriatric drugs (dekamevit, kvadevit, ampevit, orkomin, potassium glutaminate, rikavit, trimethylglycine) and the perspectives for the creation of new geroprotectors are described.

[Effectiveness of geriatric preparations containing natural metabolites in studies on animals of different age]. / Effektivnost' geriatricheskikh preparatov, soderzhashchikh estestvennye metabolity, v issledovaniiakh na zhivotnykh raznogo vozrasta.

The new geriatric agent Rikavit which contains natural metabolites, is described. Experimental trials have shown that this drug causes prolongation of the average and maximal life-span and normalization of the age-related changes in metabolic indices in experimental animals. It has also been found to increase the resistance of an aging organism to the hazardous effects (hypoxia, physical and medicamentous loads) and its adaptive potentials.

[Cholagogic effect of trimethylglycine in normal animals of different ages and in experimental atherosclerosis]. / Zhelchegonnyi éffekt trimetilglitsina u zhivotnykh raznogo vozrasta v norme i pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze.

Trimethylglycine at a dose of 1.5 g/kg was found to produce marked bile secretory effect in young and old rats. In rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis, trimethylglycine increased the content of biliary acids in the bile and normalized the indexes of lipid metabolism in the blood serum. Apparently, the effect on cholesterol transformation into biliary acids and its excretion with the bile is one of the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic action of trimethylglycine.

[Age-related characteristics of the pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti farmakokinetiki atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty.

Acetylsalicylic acid pharmacokinetics was studied in young, elderly and old patients after a single oral administration in a dose of 14 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetics data may be formalized by means of the one-compartment model with absorption. Constants of absorption and elimination, total clearance value are decreased with age. The half-life in elderly patients was 6.19 hrs, in old patients 12.2 hrs and in young patients 4.47 hrs. In elderly and old patients the area under the pharmacokinetic curve increased. The ability of serum proteins to bind salicylates reduced during ageing. The pharmacokinetic model was used for optimization of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid of elderly and old patients.

[Corrective effect of trimethylglycine on the nicotinamide coenzyme and adenine nucleotide content of the tissues in experimental atherosclerosis]. / Korrigiruiushchee vliianie trimetilglitsina na soderzhanie nikotinamidnykh kofermentov i adeninnukleotidov v tkaniakh pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze.

Experiments on adult rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol (0.25 g/kg for 90 days) showed that chronic administration of trimethylglycine (1.5 g/kg for 30 days) prevented a decrease of the liver and myocardium content of nicotinamide coenzymes and adenine nucleotides.

[Utilization of the pharmacokinetic parameters of acetylsalicylic acid for optimizing its use with people of different ages]. / Ispol'zovanie farmakokineticheskikh parametrov atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty dlia optimizatsii ee primeneniia u liudei raznogo vozrasta.

Nomograms for application of acetylsalicylic acid in persons of different age are presented. The nomograms are based on pharmacokinetic parameters of acetylsalicylic acid with regard to the age. Proceeding from the known constants of absorption and elimination, the nomograms are made use of to screen the loading and maintenance doses, to determine the time of administering the first maintenance dose and the maximal amount of the drug in the body, which was built up as a result of the use of the accepted treatment schedule. While using the nomograms one should be guided by the known therapeutic dose and the dosage intervals or by the therapeutic or maximal allowable dose. The nomograms are unsophisticated, fairly convenient, and help determine the optimal regimen of the use of acetylsalicylic acid in persons of different age.

[Age-related characteristics of potassium glutamate pharmacokinetics]. / Vozrastnye osobennsoti farmakokinetiki kaliia glutaminata.

Experiments on young and old rabbits and rats were made to study the age-associated features of the pharmacokinetics of a new drug--potassium glutamate developed at the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Gerontology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. The age-associated differences in some pharmacokinetic parameters of potassium glutamate were disclosed: an increase in the half-life, a decrease in the overall clearance and a reduction in the elimination coefficient, an increase in the extent of distribution and area of the pharmacokinetic curve in old animals. A correlation was found between the pharmacokinetic parameters and drug pharmacological activity in animals of different age groups. The use of the pharmacokinetic data made it possible to calculate the optimal doses and to develop the schemes of effective application of potassium glutamate for young and old animals, as well as to extrapolate the experimental data to the drug clinical trials.

[Effect of trimethylglycine on lipid metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits]. / Vliianie trimetilglitsina na lipidnyi obmen pri éksperimental'nom ateroskleroze u krolikov.

It has been shown in adult rabbits aged 8 months with experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis that administration of trimethylglycinee in a dose of 0.5 g/kg reduces the elevated content of total and ester-bound cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, total lipids in the blood serum and that of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver. Little toxicity and high efficacy of trimethylglycin in experimental atherosclerosis make this compound prospective in the light of its use as an antisclerotic agent.