Synthesis, structure, and characterisation of a ferromagnetically coupled dinuclear complex containing Co(II) ions in a high spin configuration and thiodiacetate and phenanthroline as ligands and of a series of isomorphous heterodinuclear complexes containing different Co : Zn ratios.

We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and characterisation of a dinuclear Co(II) compound with thiodiacetate (tda) and phenanthroline (phen) as ligands (1), and of a series of metal complexes isomorphous to 1 with different Co : Zn ratios (2, 4 : 1; 3, 1 : 1; 4, 1 : 4; 5, 1 : 10). General characterisation methodologies and X-ray data showed that all the synthesised complexes are isomorphous to Zn(II) and Cu(II) analogues (CSD codes: DUHXEL and BEBQII). 1 consists of centrosymmetric Co(II) ion dimers in which the ions are 3.214 Å apart, linked by two µ-O bridges. Each cobalt atom is in a distorted octahedral environment of the N2O3S type. UV-vis spectra of 1 and 5 are in line with high spin (S = 3/2) Co(II) ions in octahedral coordination and indicate that the electronic structure of both Co(II) ions in the dinuclear unit does not significantly change relative to that of the magnetically isolated Co(II) ion. EPR spectra of powder samples of 5 (Co : Zn ratio of 1 : 10) together with spectral simulation indicated high spin Co(II) ions with high rhombic distortion of the zfs [E/D = 0.31(1), D > 0]. DC magnetic susceptibility experiments on 1 and analysis of the data constraining the E/D value obtained by EPR yielded g = 2.595(7), |D| = 61(1) cm-1, and an intradimer ferromagnetic exchange coupling of J = 1.39(4) cm-1. EPR spectra as a function of Co : Zn ratio for both powder and single crystal samples confirmed that they result from two effective S' = 1/2 spins that interact through dipolar and isotropic exchange interactions to yield magnetically isolated S' = 1 centres and that interdimeric exchange interactions, putatively mediated by hydrophobic interactions between phen moieties, are negligible. The latter observation contrasts with that observed in the Cu(II) analogue, where a transition from S = 1 to S' = 1/2 was observed. Computational calculations indicated that the absence of the interdimeric exchange interaction in 1 is due to a lower Co(II) ion spin density delocalisation towards the metal ligands.

Enhancing Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A Using BiOI/Bi2MoO6 Heterostructures.

With the growing population, access to clean water is one of the 21st-century world's challenges. For this reason, different strategies to reduce pollutants in water using renewable energy sources should be exploited. Photocatalysts with extended visible light harvesting are an interesting route to degrade harmful molecules utilized in plastics, as is the case of Bisphenol A (BPA). This work uses a microwave-assisted route for the synthesis of two photocatalysts (BiOI and Bi2MoO6). Then, BiOI/Bi2MoO6 heterostructures of varied ratios were produced using the same synthetic routes. The BiOI/Bi2MoO6 with a flower-like shape exhibited high photocatalytic activity for BPA degradation compared to the individual BiOI and Bi2MoO6. The high photocatalytic activity was attributed to the matching electronic band structures and the interfacial contact between BiOI and Bi2MoO6, which could enhance the separation of photo-generated charges. Electrochemical, optical, structural, and chemical characterization demonstrated that it forms a BiOI/Bi2MoO6 p-n heterojunction. The free radical scavenging studies showed that superoxide radicals (O2•-) and holes (h+) were the main reactive species, while hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation was negligible during the photocatalytic degradation of BPA. The results can potentiate the application of the microwave synthesis of photocatalytic materials.

Resistencia a antibióticos ß-lactámicos y eritromicina en bacterias de la cavidad oral / Resistance to ß-lactam Antibiotics and Erythromycin in Bacteria of the Oral Cavity

Resumen Introducción. La microbiota humana como fuente de bacterias y genes de resistencia constituyen un problema de salud pública. En este estudio se investigó la prevalencia de bacilos entéricos Gram negativos resistentes a β-lactámicos y de los Streptococcus del grupo viridans (EGV) con resistencia a eritromicina en la cavidad oral. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 193 aislamientos de la cavidad oral sana de 178 adultos que asistieron a una Clínica Odontológica de la ciudad de Cali durante el 2018. La evaluación de la sensibilidad antimicrobiana se realizó en 59 bacilos entéricos y 134 EGV y se identificó por PCR los genes que confieren resistencia a β-lactámicos y eritromicina. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el empleo del paquete SPSS vs 23. Resultados. El 84,7% de los bacilos entéricos fueron multirresistentes y presentaron genes bla, siendo blaTEM-1 (49,2%) y blaVIM-2 (30,5%,) los más prevalentes. Los EGV fueron resistentes a eritromicina (38,8%) y clindamicina (28,4%). El 18,7% presentaron el fenotipo cMLSβ, 4,5% el iMLSβ y el 14,9% fueron M. El gen ermB se detectó en los cMLSβ, (13,4%) y el gen mef en los M (9,7%). Conclusión. En este estudio se demostró la presencia de EGV y bacilos entéricos resistentes a los antibióticos y portadores de genes de resistencia a eritromicina y genes bla en la cavidad oral sana. La presencia de estas bacterias representa un riesgo para la salud de los individuos portadores y contribuyen a la creciente epidemia de resistencia bacteriana.

Abstract Introduction. The human microbiota as a source of bacteria and resistance genes is a public health problem. This study researched the prevalence of Gram-negative enteric bacilli resistant to β-lactams and erythromycin resistance in the oral cavity. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 193 isolates obtained from the oral cavity of 178 healthy adults who were treated at a Dental Clinic in the city of Cali during 2018. The evaluation of antimicrobial sensitivity was performed in 59 enteric bacilli and 134 EGV and the genes that confer resistance to β-lactam and erythromycin were identified by PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical package vs. 25.0. Results. 84.7% of the enteric bacilli presented the MDR phenotype and all presented the bla genes, blaTEM-1 (49.2%) and blaVIM-2 (30.5%) being the most prevalent. EGVs were resistant to erythromycin (38.8%) and clindamycin (28.4%). 18.7% presented the cMLSβ phenotype, 4.5% the iMLSβ and 14.9% were M. The ermB gene was detected more frequently in the cMLSβ, (13.4%) and the mef gene in the M (9.7%). Conclusion. This study demonstrated the presence of antibiotics and Gram-negative enteric bacilli resistant to antibiotics and carriers of erythromycin resistance genes and bla genes, respectively in the healthy oral cavity. The presence of these bacteria represents a risk to the health of carrier individuals and contributes to the growing epidemic of bacterial resistance.

Environmental Levels, Sources, and Cancer Risk Assessment of PAHs Associated with PM2.5 and TSP in Monterrey Metropolitan Area.

In this work, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in total suspended particles and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, a sequential chemical analysis of C-rich particles was performed through the parallel coupling of micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray scattering detection. Samples were collected at four sites in the Monterrey metropolitan area, Mexico. A total of 13 PAHs were quantified; indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, chrysene, and benzo(a)anthracene were the most abundant. The total PAH concentrations at the four sampling sites ranged from 1.34 to 8.76 µg/m3. The diagnostic relation of the PAHs indicates that these compounds were emitted by the burning of gasoline and diesel and by the burning of charcoal and biomass. The sequential analysis correlated the morphology and the elemental/molecular composition of the C-rich particles, associated with the PAHs, with their possible emission sources. The estimated lifetime excess cancer risk for inhalation was higher than that established by the World Health Organization, which clearly makes this a potential health risk for the population.

Cultura digital, juventud y prácticas ciudadanas emergentes en Medellín, Colombia / Digital culture, youth and emerging citizen practices, Medellín, Colombia / Cultura digital, juventude e práticas cidadãs emergentes em Medellín, Colômbia

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo parte de la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo entender la emergencia de prácticas ciudadanas juveniles que usan de manera intensiva internet? Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo en el que se recurre a entrevistas semiestructuradas, la observación participante y la revisión de las páginas web y redes sociales de los colectivos seleccionados. El resultado es un tejido de cinco hilos, a saber: urbano, institucional, epistémico, político y tecnológico. Se concluye: reivindicación del derecho a la ciudad, crisis de los lugares formales clásicos de la modernidad, auge de otras maneras de organizarse, colectivos productores y validadores de conocimiento, movimientos que ensayan formas alternativas de estar juntos, apropiaciones contextualizadas y críticas frente la tecnología.

Abstract (analytical) This article originates from the question «How to understand the emergence of youth citizenship practices that widely use the Internet?¼ Regarding methodology, a qualitative approach -with semistructured interviews, participant observation, and the review of the websites and social networks of the selected groups- was used. The result is a fabric composed of five threads: urban, institutional, epistemic, political, and technological threads. The main conclusions are the claim for the right to the city, the crisis of the classical formal places of modernity, the rise of different ways of organizing, groups that produce and validate knowledge, movements trying different ways of being together, and contextualized and critical appropriations of technology.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo parte da seguinte pergunta: como entender a emergência das práticas cidadãs juvenis que usam de maneira intensiva a internet? Metodologia: enfoque qualitativo, que recorre a entrevistas semi estruturadas, à observação participante e à revisão de páginas na internet e redes sociais dos conjuntos selecionados. O resultado foi um tecido com cinco fios, que são: urbano, institucional, epistêmico, político e tecnológico. Conclusões: reinvindicacão do direito à cidade, crise dos lugares formais clássicos da modernidade, o desenvolvimento de outras maneiras de organização, coletivos produtores e validadores de conhecimento, movimentos que ensaiam formas alternativas de estar juntos, apropriações contextualizadas e críticas referentes à tecnologia.

Concepto y prácticas de educación expandida: una revisión de la literatura académica / Concept and practice of expanded education: a review of the academic literatura

Resumen En los últimos años, el término educación expandida ha llamado la atención del ecosistema educativo (Fernández Rodríguez y Anguita Martínez, 2015). La principal premisa de esta idea es que la educación no solo sucede en cualquier momento y lugar, sino que ya no está circunscrita a los límites formales e institucionales de la escuela. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura académica del concepto y las prácticas de educación expandida en donde se sintetiza la idea de educación expandida según la literatura, se presentan ejemplos de prácticas según la revisión realizada y se señalan las conclusiones derivadas de este recorrido y las limitaciones de este trabajo.

Abstract In recent years, the term expanded education has caught the attention of the educational ecosystem (Fernández Rodríguez & Anguita Martínez, 2015). The main premise of this idea is that education not only happens at any time and place, but it is no longer limited to the formal and institutional boundaries of the school. This article presents a review of the academic literature of the concept and the practices of expanded education, where the idea of expanded education is summarized according to the literature, and examples of practices are exhibited, according to the review and the conclusions derived from this path and the limitations of this work are shown.

Exploración de un ejercicio de escritura colaborativa en línea de un grupo de estudiantes de básica primaria

Introducción. Las wikis han hecho posible que individuos de todo el mundo se involucren conjuntamente en la construcción de conocimiento. Objetivo. Este artículo explora la relación entre la tecnología wiki y la escritura colaborativa en línea de un grupo de estudiantes de varias instituciones de Básica Primaria de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Participaron sesenta y tres (63) estudiantes de quinto grado pertenecientes a tres instituciones educativas oficiales sin relación inicial entre sí. Se utilizó un diseño cualitativo, con un alcance exploratorio, y las mayores fuentes de información fueron las entrevistas semiestructuradas y el registro de las interacciones en línea. Resultados. Los resultados ilustran que esta tecnología, con un adecuado y permanente acompañamiento pedagógico, puede ser un interesante recurso de apoyo para la escritura colaborativa en línea. Conclusión. Las tecnologías digitales pueden facilitar la puesta en práctica de algunas ideas pedagógicas asociadas a la escritura colaborativa; sin embargo, se debe seguir investigando para ver si este tipo de ejercicios se pueden repetir en otros contextos y evitar caer en el determinismo tecnológico.

Introduction. Wikis have made it possible that people from all over the world jointly participate in constructing knowledge. Objective. This article explores the relation between wiki technology and an on-line collaborative writing of a Basic Primary School group of students of several institutions in Medellin city, Colombia. Materials and Methods. Sixty-three (63) fifth-level students from three official education institutions, not related among them, participated. A qualitative design, with an exploratory scope was used. Most of information sources were semi-structured interviews and registry of on-line interactions. Results. Results show that a pedagogical accompaniment may be an interesting supporting resource for on-line collaborative writing. Conclusion. Digital technologies may ease to start up some pedagogical ideas associated to collaborative writing; however, research should continue to corroborate if this type of exercises may be repeated in several contexts and avoid falling in technological determinism.

Introdução. As wikis há feito possível que indivíduos de todo o mundo se envolvam conjuntamente na construção de conhecimento. Objetivo. Este artigo explora a relação entre a tecnologia wiki e a escritura colaborativa on line de um grupo de estudantes de várias instituições de Primária Básica da cidade de Medellín, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos. Participaram sessenta e três (63) estudantes de quinta série pertencentes a três instituições educativas oficiais sem relação inicial entre si. Se utilizou um desenho qualitativo, com um alcance exploratório, e as maiores fontes de informação foram as entrevistas semiestruturadas e o registro das interações on line. Resultados. Os resultados ilustram que esta tecnologia, com um adequado e permanente acompanhamento pedagógico, pode ser um interessante recurso de apoio para a escritura colaborativa on line. Conclusão. As tecnologias digitais podem facilitar por em prática de algumas ideias pedagógicas associadas à escritura colaborativa; porém, se deve seguir investigando para ver si este tipo de exercícios podem repetir em outros contextos e evitar cair no determinismo tecnológico.

Sistema de implantes cortos. Parte II: estabilidad de tejidos blando / Short implant systems. Part II: soft tissue stability

Introducción: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la variación en la posición de los tejidos blandos alrededor de implantes cortos de doble fase quirúrgica, seis meses posterior a la restauración con coronas individuales cementadas extraoralmente. Métodos:se hicieron mediciones clínicas y radiográficas sobre restauraciones individuales metal-cerámicas en 22 pacientes, soportadas por implantescortos Bicon® (30 implantes), al momento de instalar la restauración y a los 6 meses poscarga. Las mediciones clínicas hechas fueron: distancia margen gingival-borde incisal (MG-BI), distancia vértice de papila-punto de contacto mesial (VP-PCM), distancia vértice de papila-punto de contacto distal (VP-PCD), distancia vértice de papila-ángulo incisomesial (VP-AIM), distancia vértice de papila-ánguloincisodistal (VP-AID), distancia margen gingival-línea mucogingival (MG-LMG), y las mediciones radiográficas hechas fueron: distancia cresta ósea-punto de contacto mesial (CO-PCM), distancia cresta ósea-punto de contacto distal (CO-PCD). Resultados: no se encontraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en las variables enunciadas, a excepción de la distancia VP-PCD que registró la medida de2,55 mm al momento de la carga y de 1,49 mm a los 6 meses poscarga, y se reportó como una diferencia estadísticamente significativa(p = 0,003). Conclusión: los resultados muestran un comportamiento estable del tejido blando y del soporte óseo alrededor de los implantes, con un cambio favorable en la posición de las papilas y leve modificación hacia apical en la posición del margen gingival.

Introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate position change of the soft tissues surrounding double-stage surgery short implants six months after restoration with individual crowns extra-orally cemented. Methods: clinical and radiographic measurements were madeon metal-ceramic single restorations in 22 patients, supported by Bicon® short implants (30 implants in total), at the time of installing the restoration and 6 months after load. The clinical distances measured were: gingival margin-incisal border (GM–IB), papillary vertex-mesial contact point (PV-MCP), papillary vertex-distal contact point (PV–DCP), papillary vertex-incisomesial angle (PV-IMA), papillary vertex-incisodistal angle (PV-IDA), gingival margin-mucogingival line (GM-MGL), and the radiographic distances measured were: bone ridge-mesial contact point (BR-MCP), and bone ridge–distal contact point (BR-DCP). Results: no statistically significant differences were found in the aforementioned variables, except for the PV–DCP distance which measured 2.55 mm at the time of installationand 1.49 mm six months afterwards, considered as a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). Conclusion:the results show a stable behavior of soft tissue and bone support around the implants, with a favorable change in the position of the papillae and a slight apically modification in the position of gingival margin.

Exciton-related nonlinear optical properties in cylindrical quantum dots with asymmetric axial potential: combined effects of hydrostatic pressure, intense laser field, and applied electric field.

: The exciton binding energy of an asymmetrical GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs cylindrical quantum dot is studied with the use of the effective mass approximation and a variational calculation procedure. The influence on this quantity of the application of a direct-current electric field along the growth direction of the cylinder, together with that of an intense laser field, is particularly considered. The resulting states are used to calculate the exciton-related nonlinear optical absorption and optical rectification, whose corresponding resonant peaks are reported as functions of the external probes, the quantum dot dimensions, and the aluminum molar fraction in the potential barrier regions.

[The first Mexican consensus of endometrial cancer. Grupo de Investigación en Cáncer de Ovario y Tumores Ginecológicos de México]. / Primer consenso Mexicano de cancer de endometrio.

INTRODUCTION: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the second most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide in the peri and postmenopausal period. Most often for the endometrioid variety. In early clinical stages long-term survival is greater than 80%, while in advanced stages it is less than 50%. In our country there is not a standard management between institutions. GICOM collaborative group under the auspice of different institutions have made the following consensus in order to make recommendations for the management of patients with this type of neoplasm. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following recommendations were made by independent professionals in the field of Gynecologic Oncology, questions and statements were based on a comprehensive and systematic review of literature. It took place in the context of a meeting of four days in which a debate was held. These statements are the conclusions reached by agreement of the participant members. RESULTS: Screening should be performed women at high risk (diabetics, family history of inherited colon cancer, Lynch S. type II). Endometrial thickness in postmenopausal patients is best evaluated by transvaginal US, a thickness greater than or equal to 5 mm must be evaluated. Women taking tamoxifen should be monitored using this method. Abnormal bleeding in the usual main symptom, all post menopausal women with vaginal bleeding should be evaluated. Diagnosis is made by histerescopy-guided biopsy. Magnetic resonance is the best image method as preoperative evaluation. Frozen section evaluates histologic grade, myometrial invasion, cervical and adnexal involvement. Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy should be performed except in endometrial histology grades 1 and 2, less than 50% invasion of the myometrium without evidence of disease out of the uterus. Omentectomy should be done in histologies other than endometriod. Surgery should be always performed by a Gynecologic Oncologist or Surgical Oncologist, laparoscopy is an alternative, especially in patients with hypertension and diabetes for being less morbid. Adjuvant treatment after surgery includes radiation therapy to the pelvis, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy. Patients with Stages III and IV should have surgery with intention to achieve optimal cytoreduction because of the impact on survival (51 m vs. 14 m), the treatment of recurrence can be with surgery depending on the pattern of relapse, systemic chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. Follow-up of patients is basically clinical in a regular basis. CONCLUSIONS: Screening programme is only for high risk patients. Multidisciplinary treatment impacts on survival and local control of the disease, including surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, hormonal treatment is reserved to selected cases of recurrence. This is the first attempt of a Mexican Collaborative Group in Gynecology to give recommendations is a special type of neoplasm.

Comparación de las tablas de Moyers y Alabama en la costa atlántica colombiana / Comparison of Moyers and Alabama tables in an atlantic Colombian population

Muchos ortodoncistas colombianos utilizan la tablas de Moyers y Alabama para determinar el espacio requerido por los premolares y el canino permanente. Se pretendió determinar la aplicabilidad que tienen estas tablas en la población de la costa atlántica colombiana. Para el estudio se tomaron 100 pacientes originarios de dicha región, que tuvieran todos los dientes erupcionados, sin caries ni restauraciones interproximales. A estos pacientes se les tomaron lasmedidas de la suma del diámetro mesodistal de los cuatro incisivos inferiores y la suma del diámetro mesodistal de los dos premolares y el canino permanente de cada lado, tanto superior como inferior. Los valores obtenidos se consignaron en tablas y se realizó un análisis comparativo, un estudio descriptivo y un diseño experimental. Los resultados que arrojó la investigación fueron que tanto la tabla de Moyers como la de Alabama se pueden aplicar en la población en estudio