Conceptual basis for an integrated system for the management of a protected area. Examples from its application in a mediterranean area.

Improving the efficiency of management in protected areas is imperative in a generalized context of limited conservation budgets. However, this is overlooked due to flaws in problem definition, general disregard for cost information, and a lack of suitable tools for measuring costs and management quality. This study describes an innovative methodological framework, implemented in the web application SIGEIN, focused on maximizing the quality of management against its costs, establishing an explicit justification for any decision. The tool integrates, with this aim, a procedure for prioritizing management objects according to a conservation value, modified by a functional criterion; a project management module; and a module for management of continuous assessment. This appraisal associates the relevance of the conservation targets, the efficacy of the methods employed, both resource and personnel investments, and the resulting costs. Preliminary results of a prototypical SIGEIN application on the Site of Community Importance Chafarinas Islands are included.

Determining the variability in O(2) saturation measurements in devices of the "Dr. Guillermo Rawson" hospital.

Measurement of oxygen saturation is a noninvasive monitoring method that has had a major impact on patient care in both emergency and ambulatory situations. It is an important parameter in neonatology field, especially in newborn preterm births, and in anesthetic and surgical procedures.

[Acute appendicitis and pregnancy; experience at Hospital Espanõl of Mexico]. / Apendicitis aguda y embarazo; experiencia en el Hospital Español de México.

Acute appendicitis the most common surgical complication during pregnancy. The diagnosis is difficult and requires an urgent surgical treatment. The basic objective of this article was to determine the clinic profile of this association. We review the cases with acute appendicitis and pregnancy presented since January 1990 to December 1996 in our hospital. We found 17 cases, with an average age of 28.6 years. Of this 17 cases 12 were truly appendicitis. The time between the onset of the first symptom to the laparotomy was of 43.25 hours. The natural history of the appendicitis is not modified by the presence of a pregnancy. Abdominal pain remains as the clue symptom and was present in 100% of the patients. Finally an early diagnosis and treatment allows a reduction in the maternal fetal mortality.

Field performance of anther-culture-derived lines from F1 crosses of Indica rices under saline and nonsaline conditions.

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate and compare the yield and agronomic characteristics of anther-culture-derived (AC) lines in rice and the parents under saline and nonsaline soil conditions. The yield stability of two entries was also evaluated by comparing their performance under two distinct nonsaline soil environments. The test entries were planted in randomized complete block design with four replications at each test location. Data were collected on grain yield, yield components, and agronomic characteristics. This study demonstrates that through anther culture, it is possible to produce homozygous diploid lines in a short time. The possibility of regenerating recombinants with desirable characteristics such as good plant type and salinity tolerance, higher yield, and increased resistance to pests and diseases from both the parents is high.

Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from mature seed and young inflorescence of wild rice (Oryza perennis Moench).

Somatic embryogenesis in the wild rice species (Oryza perennis) was induced from cultured mature seeds and young inflorescences. Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/l BAP was used for induction of a compact, white nodular callus and somatic embryos. Plant regeneration occurred with the tranfer of the nodular callus to MS basal medium containing 0.5 mg/l IAA, 0.5 mg/l NAA, 4 mg/l BAP and 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate. The embryogenic nature of the callus from both explants was maintained over 10 subcultures for about 12 months. Plant regeneration with respect to the number of calli plated from the 6th to 10th passage varied from 80% to 60% for young inflorescence derived callus and from 75% to 69.8% for seed-derived callus.

Position of anthers at plating and its influence on anther callusing in rice.

Effect of position of anthers at plating in relation to their ability to form callus was studied in rice (Oryza sativa var. Taipei 309). Among the callusing anthers, about 60% were those positioned on edge with one lobe in contact with the medium while the rest were flat with both lobes touching the medium. Anthers in both positions produced calli and regenerated green plants.

Anther culture in rice: IV. The effect of abscisic acid on plant regeneration.

The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on plant regeneration in anther-derived calli of rice Oryza sativa L. varieties Taipei 177, Taipei 309 and Fujisaka 5 was studied.ABA at concentrations up to 4×10(-6) M stimulated fresh weight increase in Taipei 309 and Fujisaka 5 while higher concentrations effected corresponding weight decreases in the three varieties tested. Relatively high ABA concentrations resulted in decreased callus size and production of more compact and whitish calli. ABA increased the frequency of calli producing green plants in Taipei 309 and the average green plant regeneration in all varieties tested.

Chromosomal behavior of anther culture derived plants of rice.

Cytological examination of anther-culture-derived plants of rice showed that the regenerants were predominantly diploids and haploids. Haploid meiosis indicated that the earlier hypothesis of rice being an ancient polyploid is unlikely. Diploids generally were normal and fertile. The low frequency of polyploids (1.5%) probably was due to rapid regeneration of plants from short term callus cultures.

In vitro screening of rice germplasm for resistance to brown spot disease using phytotoxin.

Two R1 IR8 plants derived from somatic cells cultured in 25% Helminthosporium oryzae toxin-medium, and one IR54 plant derived from a control (toxin free medium) were found to have mutated resistance to brown spot disease of rice. In the second generation (R2, the offspring of the R1 generation) of the three resistant populations, the segregation of resistance and susceptibility to the disease was observed. This is the first report about a disease resistant mutation obtained successfully in rice by tissue culture and in vitro screening with phytotoxin.

Somatic embryogenesis from Lycopersicon peruvianum leaf mesophyll protoplasts.

One to five percent of Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill. leaf mesophyll protoplasts undergo cell division and concomitant organization to form embryogenic-like structures when cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) containing 3% sucrose, 9% mannitol, 1.0 mg/l kinetin (K) and 1.0 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at pH 5.6-5.8 (medium A). These embryogenic structures, after passing through developmental stages similar to those observed in zygotic embryogeny, are capable of forming shoots on hormone-free medium A. In medium B, wherein 0.5 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic (2,4-D) replaced the hormones (K and NAA), embryogenic structures did not develop. However, callus originating in medium B retained morphogenetic capacity as was evidenced by subsequent shoot regeneration when they were transferred to medium A with K and NAA replaced by 1.0 mg/l zeatin (Z). The potential value of incorporating this regeneration trait into Lycopersicon species and cultivated lines for use in tissue culture programs is discussed.