Results of the home mechanical ventilation national program among adults in Chile between 2008 and 2017.

BACKGROUND: Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is a viable and effective strategy for patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF). The Chilean Ministry of Health started a program for adults in 2008. METHODS: This study examined the following data from a prospective cohort of patients with CRF admitted to the national HMV program: characteristics, mode of admission, quality of life, time in the program and survival. RESULTS: A total of 1105 patients were included. The median age was 59 years (44-58). Women accounted for 58.1% of the sample. The average body mass index (BMI) was 34.9 (26-46) kg/m2. A total of 76.2% of patients started HMV in the stable chronic mode, while 23.8% initiated HMV in the acute mode. A total of 99 patients were transferred from the children's program. There were 1047 patients on non-invasive ventilation and 58 patients on invasive ventilation. The median baseline PaCO2 level was 58.2 (52-65) mmHg. The device usage time was 7.3 h/d (5.8-8.8), and the time in HMV was 21.6 (12.2-49.5) months. The diagnoses were COPD (35%), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS; 23.9%), neuromuscular disease (NMD; 16.3%), non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis or tuberculosis (non-CF BC or TBC; 8.3%), scoliosis (5.9%) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; 5.24%). The baseline score on the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire (SRI) was 47 (± 17.9) points and significantly improved over time. The lowest 1- and 3-year survival rates were observed in the ALS group, and the lowest 9-year survival rate was observed in the non-CF BC or TB and COPD groups. The best survival rates at 9 years were OHS, scoliosis and NMD. In 2017, there were 701 patients in the children's program and 722 in the adult´s program, with a prevalence of 10.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSION: The most common diagnoses were COPD and OHS. The best survival was observed in patients with OHS, scoliosis and NMD. The SRI score improved significantly in the follow-up of patients with HMV. The prevalence of HMV was 10.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. Trial registration This study was approved by and registered at the ethics committee of North Metropolitan Health Service of Santiago, Chile (N° 018/2021).

Pictogramas en la tecnología y sus significados en las relaciones de pareja / Pictograms in technology and their meanings in couple relationships

Este artículo da cuenta de una investigación realizada en la ciudad de Medellín durante el segundo semestre del 2019 y el primer semestre del 2020 con el objetivo de com-prender los efectos de las imágenes o pictogramas (emojis) en las relaciones de pareja actuales. La investigación fue cualitativa de corte fenomenológico; se diseñó una entre-vista a profundidad como instrumento para la recolección de información y fue aplicada a cuatro informantes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión en el estudio. Entre los hallazgos se encuentra que los vínculos amorosos se ven permeados por el auge de la tecnología, en tanto es posible su consolidación aun en ausencia física del otro. Además, que los pictogramas adquieren un papel importante en la comunicación de las parejas, en la expresión de sentimientos y emociones, generando interpretaciones subjetivas positivas o negativas en algunos casos. La investigación permite concluir que la comunicación en las relaciones de pareja ha cambiado sustancialmente hoy en día, mutando a formas icónicas, como los pictogramas, forma ahora pragmática para establecer vínculos, lo cual permite la codificación del amor en la virtualidad.

This article reports on a research conducted in the city of Medellín during the second semester of 2019 and the first semester of 2020 with the objective of understanding the effects of images or pictograms (emojis) in current couple relationships. The research was qualitative of phenomenological cut; an in-depth interview was designed as an instrument for the collection of information and was applied to four informants who met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Among the findings is that love bonds are permeated by the rise of technology, since it is possible to consolidate them even in the physical absence of the other. In addition, pictograms acquire an important role in the communication of couples, in the expression of feelings and emotions, generating positive or negative subjective interpretations in some cases. The research allows us to conclude that communication in couple relationships has changed substantially nowadays, mutating to iconic forms, such as pictograms, a now pragmatic way to establish bonds, which allows the codification of love in virtuality.

Diversidad funcional e inclusión en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en Medellín / Functional diversity and inclusion in Institutions of Higher Education (IES) in Medellín

Resumen El trabajo que se informa tuvo como objetivo presentar la realidad evidenciada en materia de educación superior inclusiva para las personas con diversidad funcional (discapacidad) en Medellín, Colombia. Para ello, se implementó una investigación cualitativa, teniendo como instrumento una entrevista en profundidad que constaba de 25 preguntas que apuntaban a esclarecer las posibilidades de acceso a la educación, las condiciones para la permanencia y el reconocimiento de los apoyos (ajustes razonables) existentes y requeridos a partir de la visión de los distintos actores educativos. La entrevista fue administrada a dos estudiantes universitarios con diversidad funcional, un docente de educación superior y un funcionario de bienestar universitario por cada una de las nueve universidades seleccionadas en el área metropolitana de Medellín; la información obtenida se sistematizó en el software Atlas.ti y posteriormente se trianguló para su análisis, permitiendo la emergencia de las categorías finales. Se identificó que en la mayoría de las universidades no se tiene acceso a espacios de uso común tales como bibliotecas y auditorios. Solo en una de las nueve IES se registró la existencia de una política interna que aseguraba las condiciones para la educación inclusiva de la población con diversidad funcional. Lo anterior exhorta a revisar y trascender los enfoques que actualmente rigen el diseño de la política pública de la discapacidad en aras de garantizar el derecho constitucional a una educación con calidad que dignifique y permita la participación plena de este colectivo.

Abstract The main objective of this article is to present the reality evidenced in the field of higher education and the inclusive policies for people with functional diversities (disability) in the city of Medellin, Colombia. According to this, a qualitative research was implemented that allowed to recognize the perceptions and experience in this population. For this, a deep interview was used, with 25 questions that were focused on three main topics: access to educative opportunities, the conditions for permanence and the recognition of the support given (reasonable accommodations), according to the points of view of different educational actors. This same interview was applied to three different population groups. The first one was formed by 18 university students with functional diversities, between the ages of 22 and 30 years old. The second group was composed of 16 undergraduate students, and two from the postgraduate courses. In addition, they were classified by their functional diversity: ten of them had physical or motor disabilities (two didn't have upper limbs, two had muscular dystrophy and six had reduced mobility; in this group, four of them were born with those disabilities and two acquired them during their life). The other group had sensorial disabilities (two had deafness, three were blind and three had reduced vision). The third group was composed of 9 university teachers and 9 staff members of the university welfare department. All of them live in Medellin. The information was systematized in the Atlas.ti software and then triangulated. A comparative matrix was elaborated according to the associated principles of continuity, similarity and contrasting significant relations for the analysis and generating the appearance of final categories. In this regard, it is recognized that inclusive education merits universities as the entities which assume places full of transformation. This situation isn't visualized in this investigation because only one out of nine have been complying. Three of them are in the implementation process and the others assume that inclusive education is where the student has to adapt to the institutional conditions. It was identified that the admission process didn't take into account equitable conditions. Thus, it would be understanding that the characteristics are comparable at the diverse population, taking into account their needs and abilities. In general, universities don't provide handicap access to some common places like libraries and auditorium. Functional diversity support is mainly implemented for the population who has reduced mobility; this implies structural adjustments like ramps and elevators, among other possibilities. Only in one out of nine universities there was evidence of the existence of an internal policy put in place to guarantee the conditions needed for people with functional diversity. It is possible that one of the most evident situations has to do with the teacher's commitment, an aspect that has a considerable impact in the inclusive education. However, in spite of good wills, this question needs go further. It requires skills and training to recognize the support a particular diversity or handicap requires. Most of them expressed concern and anxiety for their ignorance about the matter; that many cases make the reference population invisible. Within the range of competences, it has to develop some skills that include technological, methodological and curricular skills. But also, there are other soft competences that designate creativity, respect, compromise, and tolerance, among others. The educational integration implies a joint effort form all the educational community. Furthermore, the human factor promotes the adaptation process significantly in the educational environment. Meanwhile, they are configured as social supports, in opposition to the barriers established by limiting the participation and recognition of the same. In light of all this, it is important to review and go further than the approaches that are currently applied in the design of the public policies focused in disabilities, to guarantee the constitutional right to a quality education and to also dignify this group and provide them with full participation.

La mirada de los adolescentes al modelo de habilidades para la vida / What adolescents think of the Life Skills model / A visão dos adolescentes ao modelo de habilidades para a vida

Resumen (descriptivo): El enfoque de habilidades para la vida, es recomendado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) como modelo para la prevención de conductas de inicio temprano del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. En este sentido, es importante identificar el estado del desarrollo de estas habilidades en los adolescentes, con el propósito de reflexionar sobre las experiencias de aprendizaje que promueven las instituciones educativas, vinculadas a las capacidades para una vida sana. Este artículo presenta una aproximación crítica a la noción de habilidades para la vida y dos categorías emergentes de investigación, como parte de los resultados: el enfoque de habilidades para la vida: percepciones críticas de los adolescentes, y el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales en los adolescentes: una mirada al contexto.

Abstract (descriptive): The Life Skills approach is recommended by Pan American Health Organization (Paho) as a model for preventing behaviors of early consumption of psychoactive substances. In this sense, it is important to identify the state of this abilities development in adolescents, with the purpose of reflecting about learning experiences, which promote educative institutions; those skills are tied in with abilities for a healthy life. This article presents a critical approach to the notion of life skills and two emergent research categories, as part of the results: Life Skills approach: critical perceptions from adolescents, and a contextual overview of the development of social skills in this population.

Resumo (descritivo): O enfoque de habilidades para a vida, é recomendado pela Organização Pan-americana da Saúde (OPS) como um modelo para prevenir comportamentos de consumo precoce de substâncias psicoativas. Neste sentido, é importante identificar o estado do desenvolvimento dessas habilidades nos adolescentes, com o propósito de refletir sobre as experiências de aprendizagem que promovem as instituições educativas ligadas às capacidades para uma vida saudável. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem crítica da noção de habilidades para a vida e duas emergentes categorias de pesquisa, como parte dos resultados: o enfoque de habilidades para a vida: percepções críticas dos adolescentes, e o desenvolvimento das habilidades sociais nos adolescentes: uma visão do contexto.

Desarrollo de habilidades para la vida en la prevención del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas: un enfoque crítico al modelo existente / Life skills development in the prevention of consumption of psychoactive substances: a critical approach of the existing model

Resumen El modelo que ofrece la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, desde una perspectiva de salubridad y de productividad, es insuficiente para el desarrollo de estas habilidades como factor protector para la prevención de conductas como el consumo temprano de sustancias psicoactivas, toda vez que, según el análisis realizado de los relatos de los adolescentes participantes de la investigación, muestra que existe la percepción de que el modelo es asistencialista y limitado a la enseñanza de los conceptos; por tanto, se realiza un acercamiento crítico y se propone una mirada desde el enfoque de las capacidades de Martha Nussbaum.

Abstract The model offered by the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization, from a health and productivity perspective, is insufficient for the development of these skills as a protective factor for the prevention of conducts, such as early consumption of psychoactive substances, every time that, according to the analysis of the accounts of the adolescents participating in this research, shows that there is a perception that this model is welfare oriented and limited to the teaching of the Concepts. Therefore, a critical approach is carried out and a look from Martha Nussbaum's capabilities approach is proposed.

Avances científicos en las estrategias terapéuticas contra la enfermedad por virus del ébola / Scientific advances in therapeutic strategies against disease by ebola virus

La enfermedad por el virus del Ébola se conoce desde hace treinta años como mortal, contagiosa y de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Numerosos estudios se han realizado para comprender la patogénesis del virus y con ello los posibles tratamientos que puedan generar control de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, no hay hasta la fecha un fármaco o vacuna con licencia para combatir el virus del Ébola. El tratamiento está basado solo en aliviar los síntomas y prevenir el contagio por medio de acciones que ayuden a minimizar el riesgo de infección. En esta revisión, se presentan las diferentes perspectivas del estado actual de la investigación sobre fármacos antivirales y vacunas en fases de desarrollo para la infección del virus del Ébola.

Ebola virus disease has been known for thirty years as a lethal, contagious and difficult to diagnose and treat disease. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the pathogenesis of the virus and thus the possible treatments that may promote disease control. However, to date there is no licensed vaccine or medicine to fight Ebola virus. The treatment is based only on relieving symptoms and preventing contagion through actions that help minimize the risk of infection. This review presents different perspectives of the current state of research on antiviral medicine and vaccines in development stages for Ebola virus infection.

Capacidad atrapadora de radicales oxígeno (ORAC) y fenoles totales de frutas y hortalizas de Colombia / Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic content of fruits and vegetables from Colombia

Antecedentes: las frutas y hortalizas poseen un alto potencial nutricional y terapéutico, debido a la presencia de diferentes fitoquímicos, como los compuestos fenólicos que han sido relacionados con la actividad antioxidante. Con el fin de determinar la capacidad antioxidante en matrices alimentarias, uno de los métodos más utilizados es la capacidad atrapadora de radicales de oxígeno (ORAC). Objetivo: estimar el contenido de fenoles totales y la capacidad atrapadora de radicales de oxígeno (ORAC) en frutas y hortalizas colombianas. Materiales y métodos: el material vegetal fue liofilizado, seguido de un proceso de extracción para separar la fracción hidrofílica y lipófilica. El contenido de fenoles totales se determinó en la fracción hidrofílica por el método de Folin- Ciocalteu. La actividad antioxidante fue evaluada en la fracción hidrofílica y lipofílica por ORAC. Resultados: el contenido de fenoles totales varió entre 30,5 a 10.584,7 mg/100 g en las frutas y 12,4 a 1.377,2 mg/100 g en las hortalizas. Los valores ORAC obtenidos variaron desde 685,7 a 207.850,4 μmol trolox/100 g en las frutas y 372,3 a 32.047,9 μmol trolox/100 g en las hortalizas. La curuba y espinaca presentaron mejores propiedades antioxidantes de las frutas y hortalizas analizadas, respectivamente; con diferencias estadísticamente significativas frente a los demás alimentos de su grupo (p<0,05). Conclusión: los productos hortofrutícolas colombianos presentan posibles propiedades nutracéuticas por el aporte de compuestos fenólicos con actividad antioxidante.

Background: Fruits and vegetables have a high nutritional and therapeutic potential. It could be explained by presence of different phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds, which have been associated with antioxidant activity. In order to determine antioxidant capacity in food matrices, one of the most widely used methods is oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Objective: To estimate total phenolic content and ORAC in Colombian fruits and vegetables. Method and materials: Plant material was lyophilized, followed by an extraction process to separate hydrophilic and lipophilic fraction. Total phenolic content was estimated from hydrophilic fraction by Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated in hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions by ORAC. Results: Total phenolic content varied from 30,5 to 10.584,7 mg/100 g in fruits, and 12,4 to 1.377,2 mg/100 g in vegetables. ORAC values were from 685,7 to 207.850,4 μmol trolox/100 g in fruits, and 372,3 to 32.047,9 μmol trolox/100 g in vegetables. Passion fruit and spinach had better antioxidant properties. Conclusions: Nutraceutical properties of Colombian fruits and vegetables may be explained by phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity.

Impact of three radiographic methods in the outcome of nonsurgical endodontic treatment: a five-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: The periapical film radiograph (PFR) and digital periapical radiograph (DPR) techniques have some limitations in the visualization of small periapical lesions (PLs) when compared with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). However, the evidence supporting their effectiveness is very limited. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study evaluated the outcome of endodontic treatments measured/monitored by PFR, DPR, and CBCT during a 5-year follow-up and also determined the prognostic factors that influenced treatment success. METHODS: A total of 132 teeth (208 roots) with vital pulps received endodontic treatment. The periapical indexes with scores ≥2 for PFR and DPR and ≥1 for CBCT indicated the presence of PLs. Prognostic factors were determined by bivariate and multivariate analyses. Statistical significance was defined at a P level <.05. RESULTS: CBCT detected a higher number of PLs (18.7%, n = 39 roots), followed by DPR (7.7%, n = 16 roots) and PFR (5.7%, n = 12 roots). Likewise, CBCT was more sensitive than PFR and DPR in detecting deficiencies in extension and density of the root canal filling (P ≤ .001). Of the 17 prognostic factors evaluated, 4 were significantly associated with poor outcome to the treatment (P < .05): root canal curvature, disinfection of gutta-percha, presence of missed canals, and the quality of definitive coronal restoration. CONCLUSIONS: The success outcome of endodontic treatment after 5 years in teeth with vital pulps varied with each radiographic method: 94.3%/PFR, 92.3%/DPR, and 81.3%/CBCT.

Benign emptying of postpneumonectomy space due to severe dehydration.

Causes of benign emptying of the postpneumonectomy space include small bronchopleural fistulas with spontaneous healing and escape of fluid into the chest wall or diaphragm. We present an additional cause: severe dehydration. As postpneumonectomy empyema usually involves drainage of the pleural space, it is important to be aware of this uncommon cause so as to avoid unnecessary instrumentation and contamination of the postpneumonectomy space.

What is the survival after surgery for localized malignant pleural mesothelioma?

A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. This was with the purpose of assisting our management of patients with localized malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (LMM). Although the terminology is used inconsistently, this variant has been formally defined by the WHO as a distinct entity defined as localized disease histologically identical to the diffuse form but without any evidence of pleural spread. Treatments for LMM include different combinations of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There is an impression that LMM may have a better outcome than the commoner diffuse form of malignant mesothelioma that has been reported to have a survival between 8 and 14 months. In order to advise our patients on prognosis, we studied the duration of survival after surgical resection of LMM. A total of 150 papers were found, of which 16 represented the best evidence to answer the question. The authors, journal, date, country of publication, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. It is difficult to combine the results of these 16 papers because both treatments and results are reported differently. Some report median survival (range: 11.6-36 months) and others disease-free survival (range: 0 months to 11 years). Median survival to the longest follow-up was 29 months when calculated by pooling data from informative papers using the Kaplan-Meier method. Our review suggests that survival in LMM is longer than that generally quoted for the more common diffuse form of malignant mesothelioma. Hence, aggressive treatment of LMM may be reasonable in appropriate patients.

El campo de la psicopedagogía: discusiones, procesos de formación, identidad y prácticas / O campo da psicopedagogia: discussões, processos de formação, identidade e práticas / The Psychopedagogy field: discussions, training, identity and practices

El campo de la psicopedagogía en Colombia se caracteriza por tensiones y discusiones que, al mismo tiempo que lo configuran, dificultan su fortalecimiento. Las reflexiones epistemológicas evidencian su proximidad a otros objetos distintos, como los problemas de aprendizaje, la orientación, la comunidad y la formación de profesores, entre otros, sin que exista una articulación conceptual que posibilite construir un saber que contribuya al amplio campo de la educación y de la pedagogía. Las prácticas se han desarrollado sin claridad sobre qué es lo psicopedagógico produciendo rupturas constantes e identidades profesionales de diversos tipos. Este trabajo presenta hallazgos de investigaciones y posiciones conceptuales relacionadas con el campo de la psicopedagogía, con la finalidad de esclarecer el panorama de las dificultades de su constitución y de su ejercicio como campo de conocimiento.(AU)

O campo da psicopedagogia na Colômbia caracteriza-se por tensões e discussões que, ao mesmo tempo em que o configuram, também dificultam o seu fortalecimento. As reflexões epistemológicas evidenciam sua proximidade a outros objetos distintos, como os problemas de aprendizagem, a orientação, a comunidade, a formação de professores entre outros, sem que haja uma articulação conceitual que possibilite construir um saber que contribua para o amplo campo da educação e da pedagogia. As práticas têm se desenvolvido sem clareza sobre o que é o psicopedagógico, produzindo rupturas constantes e identidades profissionais de tipos diversos. Este ensaio apresenta achados de pesquisas e posições conceituais relacionados ao campo da psicopedagogia, com a finalidade de buscar esclarecer o panorama das dificuldades da sua constituição e do seu exercício como campo de conhecimento.(AU)

In Colombia, the Psychopedagogy field is characterized by tensions and discussions which, at the same time as they constitute it, they also hamper its strengthening. Epistemological reflections show its proximity to several objects, such as, learning difficulties, guidance, the community, teachers' training, among others, without conceptual connections which should lead to the construction of knowledge contributing to the broad field of education and pedagogy. Practices have developed without clarifying what is Psychopedagogy, thus creating frequent breaches as well as differing types of professional identities. This essay described research findings and conceptual thinking related to Psychopegogy and aimed at clarifying the difficulties of its constitution and exercise as a field of knowledge.(AU)

El campo de la psicopedagogía: discusiones, procesos de formación, identidad y prácticas / O campo da psicopedagogia: discussões, processos de formação, identidade e práticas / The Psychopedagogy field: discussions, training, identity and practices

El campo de la psicopedagogía en Colombia se caracteriza por tensiones y discusiones que, al mismo tiempo que lo configuran, dificultan su fortalecimiento. Las reflexiones epistemológicas evidencian su proximidad a otros objetos distintos, como los problemas de aprendizaje, la orientación, la comunidad y la formación de profesores, entre otros, sin que exista una articulación conceptual que posibilite construir un saber que contribuya al amplio campo de la educación y de la pedagogía. Las prácticas se han desarrollado sin claridad sobre qué es lo psicopedagógico produciendo rupturas constantes e identidades profesionales de diversos tipos. Este trabajo presenta hallazgos de investigaciones y posiciones conceptuales relacionadas con el campo de la psicopedagogía, con la finalidad de esclarecer el panorama de las dificultades de su constitución y de su ejercicio como campo de conocimiento.

O campo da psicopedagogia na Colômbia caracteriza-se por tensões e discussões que, ao mesmo tempo em que o configuram, também dificultam o seu fortalecimento. As reflexões epistemológicas evidenciam sua proximidade a outros objetos distintos, como os problemas de aprendizagem, a orientação, a comunidade, a formação de professores entre outros, sem que haja uma articulação conceitual que possibilite construir um saber que contribua para o amplo campo da educação e da pedagogia. As práticas têm se desenvolvido sem clareza sobre o que é o psicopedagógico, produzindo rupturas constantes e identidades profissionais de tipos diversos. Este ensaio apresenta achados de pesquisas e posições conceituais relacionados ao campo da psicopedagogia, com a finalidade de buscar esclarecer o panorama das dificuldades da sua constituição e do seu exercício como campo de conhecimento.

In Colombia, the Psychopedagogy field is characterized by tensions and discussions which, at the same time as they constitute it, they also hamper its strengthening. Epistemological reflections show its proximity to several objects, such as, learning difficulties, guidance, the community, teachers' training, among others, without conceptual connections which should lead to the construction of knowledge contributing to the broad field of education and pedagogy. Practices have developed without clarifying what is Psychopedagogy, thus creating frequent breaches as well as differing types of professional identities. This essay described research findings and conceptual thinking related to Psychopegogy and aimed at clarifying the difficulties of its constitution and exercise as a field of knowledge.

Aislamiento de lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 y caracterización parcial de su bacteriocina / Isolation of lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10 and partial characterization of its bacteriocin

Las bacterias acidolácticas (BAL) son un grupo de microorganismos Gram positivos utilizados ampliamente en la preservación de alimentos debido a sus propiedades probióticas y su capacidad para producir bacteriocinas. Las bacteriocinas son compuestos antimicrobianos de naturaleza peptídica y han recibido gran atención por la industria de alimentos debido a su uso potencial como sustitutos de aditivos químicos.En este trabajo reportamos el aislamiento y caracterización de la cepa de Lactobacillus plantarum LPBM10.Esta bacteria fue aislada a partir de leche fermentada, presenta propiedades probióticas y es productora de bacteriocinas. El extracto libre de células de LPBM10 presenta actividad antimicrobiana frente a bacterias Gram positivas y Gram negativas. La bacteriocina LPBM10 es altamente termoestable, presenta mayor actividad a pH ácido y su actividad no se ve afectada por la presencia de proteinasa K, agentes quelantes y detergentes. El compuesto antibacteriano LPBM10 fue purificado mediante diálisis y cromatografía de exclusión. El análisis por espectroscopía ultravioleta e infrarroja sugiere que la bacteriocina LPBM10 es de naturaleza peptídica con presencia de tirosina y cisteína. Pruebas sobre el extracto crudo dializado mediante cromatografía de intercambio iónico indican la presencia de un compuesto aniónico antagonista del compuesto LPBM10.

Subjective global assessment in the clinical setting.

BACKGROUND: Our goal was nutrition assessment in hospitalized patients of an internal medicine service. METHODS: Ours was a longitudinal, prospective, and observational study. Four hundred twelve patients participated in this study using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). We used chi(2) for univariate and logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 412 patients, 47.6% presented with malnutrition: 38.8% with moderate malnutrition (group B), and 8.58% with severe malnutrition (group C). Malnutrition was related to male patients older than 65 years, oncologic and infectious diseases, and length of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition incidence in an internal medical service is high. There is remarkable lack of interest in hospitalized patients' nutrition state. Results show similarities to other studies from Latin America.

Las personas sordas en la Universidad de antioquia una ausencia que se cuestiona / The dead people at university of Antioquia: an absence wich is questioned

La ausencia de la comunidad Sorda en la Universidad de Antioquia, es una situación que amerita pensarse y reflexionarse con una mirada juiciosa, pues en una universidad con principios de igualdad y de equidad en la que ingresan personas sin ninguna distinción o discriminación, es importante y necesario que se tenga en cuenta a las personas Sordas dentro de sus planes de formación profesional como contribución al fortalecimiento de una educación para todos y todas con calidad. El proyecto de investigación La ausencia de la comunidad Sorda en la Universidad de Antioquia: una aproximación desde las Representaciones Sociales, respaldado por el Grupo de Estudios e Investigaciones Sobre Educación especial GRESEE desde la línea de investigación en lenguaje, comunicación, e identidad y el grupo de investigación DIVERSER, ambos de la Universidad de Antioquia, pretendió conocer las necesidades y expectativas de las personas Sordas con respecto a sus procesos de ingreso a nuestra Alma Máter, además de identificar desde los relatos de vida de estas personas, sus condiciones lingüisticas, culturales, académicas y comunicativas, particulares para su ingreso, y propiciar diálogos de saberes que confrontarán las representaciones sociales que de persona Sorda y de sordera estan presentes en el contexto universitario.

Plan de exportacion Empresa Avicola Avivar / sss

Uno de los logros mas importantes del presente trabajo fue identificar las herramientas y tecnicas asi como las oportunidades del mercado para encarar de crecimiento a traves de la expansion de mercados. Se identifica los distintos factores que permitira cambiar el perfil productor exportador de Bolivia, caracterizada por la baja productividad y conpetitividad, y encontrar la manera de ser exitoso en la ineludible tarea de la insercion a las exigencias de una economia cada vez mas competitiva y globalizada. A partir del desarrollo de cada capitulo se obtuvieron resultados muy alentadores. La evaluacion y analisis de la Empresa AVIVAR mediante las matrices EFE y EFI la definen como una empresa avicola con grandes perspectivas para el futuro y como un rubro competitivo dentro de la industria avicola...